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A horizontal tube of spinning air, created by vertical wind shear, causes the air near the surface to rotate about a horizontal axis, and is called a mesocyclone.​

A) True
B) False

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A system called Doppler lidar uses a light beam to measure the change in frequency of falling precipitation, cloud particles, and dust.​

A) True
B) False

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During the ____, tornadoes are most likely to form over the southern Gulf states when the polar-front jet is above this region.


A) ​late spring
B) early spring​
C) ​autumn
D) ​winter
E) ​summer

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The most frequent time of day for tornadoes to form is in the ____.​


A) ​early morning just after sunrise
B) ​late morning just before noon
C) ​evening just after sunset
D) ​late afternoon
E) ​middle of the night

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In recent years, most of our knowledge about what goes on inside a tornado-generating thunderstorm has been gathered through the use of ____.​


A) ​vortex chambers
B) ​spotter networks
C) ​algorithms
D) ​Doppler radar
E) ​storm chasers

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Sometimes the air is so dry that swirling, rotating wind remains invisible until it reaches the ground and begins to pick up dust, called dust devils

A) True
B) False

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When a tornado is approaching from the southwest, its strongest winds are on its ____________________ side.

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southeast
...

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No country experiences more tornadoes than ____.​


A) ​China
B) ​South Africa
C) ​the United States
D) ​Brazil
E) ​Russia

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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When vertical wind shear causes air near the surface to rotate about a horizontal axis, ___ are created.​


A) ​mesocyclone
B) ​vortex tubes
C) ​suction vortices
D) ​funnel clouds
E) ​nonsupercell tornadoes

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Gustnadoes form along a gust front where the cool downdraft of a thunderstorm forces warm, humid air upwards.

A) True
B) False

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Give a basic description of a tornado outbreak.​

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Sometimes a large, well-organized fronta...

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The belt of tornadoes that occur over Mississippi and Alabama is sometimes called tornado alley.​

A) True
B) False

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False

When a large number of tornadoes develop in association with a particular weather system (typically six tornadoes or more, although there is no strict definition), it is referred to as a(n) ____________________.​

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Opening windows during a tornado decreases the pressure on the opposite wall and therefore decreases the chances that the building will collapse.​

A) True
B) False

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To help distinguish a storm's air motions, a Doppler radar can display ____​


A) ​amount of radiational cooling
B) ​wind velocities in color
C) ​lightning streaks
D) ​funnel clouds
E) ​the amount of solar energy of a given area

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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B

The final stage of a tornado's life cycle is called the shrinking stage, when usually the tornado stretches into the shape of a rope.

A) True
B) False

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About 70 percent of all tornadoes in the United States develop from ____.​


A) ​May to June
B) ​March to July
C) ​March to May
D) ​April to August
E) ​April to June

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The Central Plains region is susceptible to tornadoes because ____.​


A) ​cool, dry surface air is overlain by warmer, more humid air aloft
B) ​warm, humid surface air is overlain by cooler, drier air aloft
C) ​cool, wet surface air is overlain by warmer, drier air aloft
D) ​warm, dry surface air is overlain by cooler, wetter air aloft
E) ​warm, humid surface air is overlain by even warmer, and more humid air aloft

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Damage from a tornado is normally most severe during the ____ stage.​


A) ​dust-whirl
B) ​organizing
C) ​mature
D) ​shrinking
E) ​decay

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In the United States, tornadoes are most frequent during the ____, and least frequent during the ____.​


A) summer; fall
B) ​spring; winter
C) ​spring; fall
D) ​summer; winter
E) ​winter; fall

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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B

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