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Individuals working in hot environments will lose 1 to 2 liters of water an hour. Each liter of water lost will result in how much sodium loss?


A) 20 to 50 milliequivalents
B) 10 to 20 milliequivalents
C) 20 to 50 milligrams
D) 10 to 20 milligrams

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old woman who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient's burns fall into which one of the following categories?


A) Superficial
B) Critical
C) Minor
D) Moderate

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is an acceptable way of reducing prehospital time to maximize the use of the "Golden Period" for trauma patients?


A) Skip spinal immobilization in the blunt trauma patient.
B) Start all IVs on the scene to allow for more rapid transport.
C) Load the patients and begin transport before doing a primary assessment.
D) Call for air medical transport, if indicated.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a seven-year-old boy with a fracture of the proximal tibia. Which of the following is the MOST likely and serious complication of this injury?


A) Juvenile onset arthritis
B) Formation of a bone callus
C) Disruption of the epiphyseal plate
D) Fat embolism

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following are the most commonly fractured ribs?


A) 1 to 3
B) 4 to 8
C) 7 to 12
D) 5 to 10

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 15-year-old soccer player who was kicked in the calf by another player. She has a contusion on her calf, but the amount of pain she is experiencing seems out of proportion to the apparent injury. You note that although you can palpate a pedal pulse, there is swelling in the foot and ankle, and the skin is cool to the touch. You should suspect which of the following at this time?


A) Compartment syndrome
B) Volkmann's ischemic contracture
C) Crush syndrome
D) Degloving injury

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which type of wound facilitates the effectiveness of normal blood clotting mechanisms?


A) Vessels torn by stretching, such as when a limb is caught in farm machinery
B) Transverse laceration of the vessel
C) Longitudinal laceration of the vessel
D) Crushing injuries

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A fracture of the femur may result in a hematoma that contains enough blood to make it a class ________ hemorrhage.


A) I
B) III
C) IV
D) II

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 7-year-old male pedestrian who was struck by a vehicle. Your assessment reveals bleeding from the right auditory canal. Which of the following describes the most appropriate way to manage this?


A) Determining the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid is a low priority. Pack the auditory canal with sterile gauze to control bleeding.
B) Use a "halo" test to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid is in the blood. If it is, loosely cover the ear with a sterile dressing to prevent contamination while allowing blood to flow freely from the ear. If cerebrospinal fluid is not present, pack the ear canal with sterile gauze to control bleeding.
C) Determining the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid in the blood is a low priority. Loosely cover the ear with a sterile dressing to prevent contamination while allowing blood to flow freely from the ear.
D) Check the glucose level in the blood draining from the ear. If it is less than the patient's blood glucose level, there is cerebrospinal fluid present. Cover the ear loosely with a sterile dressing to prevent contamination while allowing blood to flow freely from the ear. If the glucose level of the blood from the ear is the same as the patient's blood glucose level, pack the auditory canal with sterile gauze to control bleeding.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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You and your partner respond to an emergency call related to a diver who ascended rapidly because he was running out of air in his tank. When he reached the top, he complained of sharp pain in his abdomen. You suspect the diver has an arterial gas embolism, but you've never had to treat one before. What should you do?


A) Call the Divers Alert Network.
B) Start an IV of normal saline.
C) Place the patient in Fowler's position.
D) Give the patient fruit juice to drink.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arterial bleeding?


A) Rapid blood loss
B) Spurting or pumping as it leaves the body
C) Clots quickly on its own
D) Bright red

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following best describes definitive care for the trauma patient with ongoing, significant hemorrhage?


A) Administration of blood or blood products
B) Administration of hypertonic crystalloid or colloid solution
C) Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and serial hematocrits
D) Immediate surgery

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT part of the key elements for the patient care report?


A) Results of assessment
B) Interventions
C) Results of interventions
D) Scene survey

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Thoracic trauma accounts for approximately ________ percent of mortality from trauma.


A) 20 to 25
B) 10 to 15
C) 75 to 80
D) 45 to 50

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a four-year-old child. He has received an accidental gunshot wound to the groin and has lost a significant amount of blood. He responds to painful stimuli and has a heart rate of 150 with no radial pulse. Respirations are 32 and shallow. What is the total amount of intravenous fluid you should administer to this patient, assuming that his condition does NOT improve with intervention?


A) 10 mL/kg
B) 20 mL/kg
C) 30 mL/kg
D) 40 mL/kg

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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You and your partner are treating a 35-year-old woman who is complaining of severe pain in her joints and abdomen. The patient tells you that she went diving approximately 12 hours prior to the onset of complaint. Which of the following would be part of a correct course of treatment for this patient?


A) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask to maintain SpO2 of > 96 percent, IV fluid replacement with lactated Ringer's, transport
B) Oxygen via nasal cannula to maintain SpO2 of > 96 percent, fluid replacement with lactated Ringer's, transport
C) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask regardless of SpO2 reading, IV fluid replacement with 5 percent dextrose, transport to hyperbaric chamber
D) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask regardless of SpO2 reading, fluid replacement with lactated Ringer's, transport

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.


A) coagulation
B) liquefaction
C) thermal
D) ischemic

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is best described as "the area of contused tissue resulting from penetrating trauma that may be slow to heal due to disrupted blood flow and tissue damage"?


A) Temporary cavity
B) Zone of injury
C) Zone of coagulation
D) Permanent cavity

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements about lateral impact collisions is TRUE?


A) The substantial lateral crumple zone prevents most injuries.
B) Damage to the vehicle is a reliable indication of the seriousness of injuries.
C) The degree of injury may be greater than the damage alone would indicate.
D) Fatalities are rare because the upper extremities absorb the energy.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the largest element of the nervous system?


A) Cerebellum
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Cerebrum

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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