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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk. It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color. This illustrates the concept of ___________.

A) extinction
B) discrimination
C) avoidance training
D) desensitization

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 72

Multiple Choice

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How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

A) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response.
B) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
C) The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
D) The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 73

Multiple Choice

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In classical conditioning the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response without new learning is called the _____________.

Having a gold star placed on one's spelling quiz would be a secondary reinforcer.

In classical conditioning, the responses involved tend to be __________________, but in operant conditioning they are __________________.

Which of the following is a conditioned positive reinforcer?

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the _______.

Your dog barks every time a stranger's car pulls into the driveway, but not when you come home. Reacting to your car differently is a sign of _______.

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _________ .

Any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is __________.

Why are human biologically prepared to fear snakes and not guns?

Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky's behavior is an example of _______________.

The process of observational learning would explain how 3-year-old Ryan knows how to lather up his own face after watching his dad shave earlier that day.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and, all of a sudden, the response permanently ceases to produce any food, then _______ will occur.

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane. When Bobby kissed Sue, his breathing accelerated. Sue always wore Chanel 5 when she went out with Bobby. Bobby's accelerated breathing when he and Sue kissed is the:

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. Jodie now cries when she sees any dog, big or small, brown or black, etc. This illustrates which of the following?

Cognitive learning theories attempt to explain how learning occurs using:

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with ______________.

One reason why drug users increase their dosages over time is a classical conditioning phenomenon known as _____________________, which involves physiological responses in preparation for drug administration.