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How is Staphylococcus saprophyticus presumptively identified?


A) Latex agglutination test for clumping factor
B) Rabbit plasma test for coagulase
C) Novobiocin susceptibility
D) All of the above

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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A young, healthy woman was rushed to the hospital with a high fever, hypotension, and shock. She had not been feeling well that day, but her condition progressively worsened throughout the day. She was feeling fine until a couple of days after she started menstruating. What condition could this woman be exhibiting?


A) Scalded skin syndrome
B) Toxic epidermal necrolysis
C) TSS
D) Food poisoning

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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What is the function of protein A in the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus?


A) To keep the structural integrity of the cell wall and keep out antimicrobial agents
B) To bind IgG and prevent phagocytosis
C) To bind IgM and inactivate natural killer cells
D) To block the activation of the complement cascade

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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What are the effects of the Panton-Valentine toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?


A) It acts on sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane of red blood cells.
B) It kills leukocytes.
C) It kills epithelial cells.
D) It lyses red blood cells, damages platelets and macrophages, and can cause severe tissue damage.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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What are the effects of the Ξ±\alpha -hemolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?


A) It acts on sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane of red blood cells.
B) It kills polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
C) It kills macrophages.
D) It lyses red blood cells, damages platelets and macrophages, and can cause severe tissue damage.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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What is the most common causative agent of pyoderma?


A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C) Clostridium perfringens
D) Haemophilus influenzae

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A young man goes to his physician complaining of large, raised, suppurative abscesses on his neck. The man denies having a fever or the chills. What is the name of the lesions on his neck, and what organism causes this type of lesions?


A) Staphylococcus epidermidis and boils
B) S. aureus and furuncles
C) S. saprophyticus and carbuncles
D) S. sciuri and folliculitis

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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All of the following virulence factors are associated with Staphylococcus aureus, except


A) enterotoxins.
B) cytolytic toxins.
C) protein A.
D) endotoxins.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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What is the mechanism by which toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) causes TSS?


A) The bacteria release the toxin into the blood and it goes to the hypothalamus to produce an extremely high fever.
B) The bacteria release the toxin into the gastrointestinal system where phagocytes engulf the bacteria, leaving a pseudomembrane that irritates the colon.
C) The toxin is a superantigen that stimulates T-cell proliferation with production of large amounts of cytokines.
D) All of the above

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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All of the following staphylococci are coagulase-positive, except


A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) S. saprophyticus.
C) S. intermedius.
D) S. delphini.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Why do staphylococci spread so easily when infecting the skin?


A) They produce hyaluronidase, which hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in the intracellular ground substance that makes up connective tissue.
B) They produce lipase, which melts the fat under the skin, making it easier to spread.
C) The hemolysins kill the white and red blood cells; then the protease liquefies the skin protein, allowing easy penetration for the bacteria.
D) All of the above

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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This staphylococcus produces wide zones of beta hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar.


A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) S. aureus
C) S. intermedius
D) S. saprophyticus

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning is most commonly caused by these two enterotoxins.


A) A and D
B) A and B
C) B and C
D) B and D

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are not reliable in detecting staphylococci resistant to this agent.


A) Vancomycin
B) Erythromycin
C) Clindamycin
D) All of the above

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The two species of coagulase-negative staphylococci most often isolated in clinical laboratories are


A) Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis.
B) S. capitus and S. lugdunensis.
C) S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus.
D) S. saccharolyticus and S. epidermidis.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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