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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Stereotyping Heuristic?


A) "Brandon is a huge fan of the San Francisco Giants. If he sees anything at all with the SF Giant's logo on it, a shirt, a coffee cup, a banner, you know Brandon is going to want to buy it."
B) "There is always another way to tweak the artwork this way or that. But we have to get the marketing materials to the conference soon. So I say that the design is good to go."
C) "I never get a flu shot. When I was a kid I had a terrible infection and the doctor gave me a hypo of penicillin right in the butt. Wow did that hurt!"
D) "This year two of the people in our office died. One was hit by a drunk driver last summer when he was out biking, and the other had a fatal heart attack while shoveling snow. We all worked in the same office, reported to the same boss, and both of them were about my age. Makes me not want to do anything that is physically exerting."
E) "The prosecuting attorney pointed at the accused and said, 'For a man like him, raised in his religious culture, it is a huge dishonor if a wife is not totally subservient to her husband. That is how we know that the defendant is guilty of murder. I say that he is the one who beat his wife to death. His motive was that he thought she had somehow dishonored him."

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Satisficing Heuristic?


A) "Brandon is a huge fan of the San Francisco Giants. If he sees anything at all with the SF Giant's logo on it, a shirt, a coffee cup, a banner, you know Brandon is going to want to buy it."
B) "There is always another way to tweak the artwork this way or that. But we have to get the marketing materials to the conference soon. So I say that the design is good to go."
C) "I never get a flu shot. When I was a kid I had a terrible infection and the doctor gave me a hypo of penicillin right in the butt. Wow did that hurt!"
D) "This year two of the people in our office died. One was hit by a drunk driver last summer when he was out biking, and the other had a fatal heart attack while shoveling snow. We all worked in the same office, reported to the same boss, and both of them were about my age. Makes me not want to do anything that is physically exerting."
E) "The prosecuting attorney pointed at the accused and said, 'For a man like him, raised in his religious culture, it is a huge dishonor if a wife is not totally subservient to her husband. That is how we know that the defendant is guilty of murder. I say that he is the one who beat his wife to death. His motive was that he thought she had somehow dishonored him."

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Affect Heuristic?


A) "Brandon is a huge fan of the San Francisco Giants. If he sees anything at all with the SF Giant's logo on it, a shirt, a coffee cup, a banner, you know Brandon is going to want to buy it."
B) "There is always another way to tweak the artwork this way or that. But we have to get the marketing materials to the conference soon. So I say that the design is good to go."
C) "I never get a flu shot. When I was a kid I had a terrible infection and the doctor gave me a hypo of penicillin right in the butt. Wow did that hurt!"
D) "This year two of the people in our office died. One was hit by a drunk driver last summer when he was out biking, and the other had a fatal heart attack while shoveling snow. We all worked in the same office, reported to the same boss, and both of them were about my age. Makes me not want to do anything that is physically exerting."
E) "The prosecuting attorney pointed at the accused and said, 'For a man like him, raised in his religious culture, it is a huge dishonor if a wife is not totally subservient to her husband. That is how we know that the defendant is guilty of murder. I say that he is the one who beat his wife to death. His motive was that he thought she had somehow dishonored him."

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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What possible error in judgment can come about by the misapplication of the Temporizing Heuristic?

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Underestimation of the growing...

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Define the optimistic bias heuristic.

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The optimistic bias heuristic ...

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When we share our reflective interpretations, analyses, evaluations, and inferences, we are offering explanations. Because of this, critical thinking can be described as ________.


A) an engine of reactive System-1 thinking
B) unrelated to decision making
C) self-regulated System-2 thinking
D) an irrational driver of associational decision making

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which cognitive heuristic involves estimating the likelihood of a given outcome based on how easy it is to imagine that outcome?


A) representation
B) temporizing
C) affect
D) simulation

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The System-2 thinking approach to decision making is reactive, instinctive, quick, and holistic.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Availability Heuristic?


A) "Brandon is a huge fan of the San Francisco Giants. If he sees anything at all with the SF Giant's logo on it, a shirt, a coffee cup, a banner, you know Brandon is going to want to buy it."
B) "There is always another way to tweak the artwork this way or that. But we have to get the marketing materials to the conference soon. So I say that the design is good to go."
C) "I never get a flu shot. When I was a kid I had a terrible infection and the doctor gave me a hypo of penicillin right in the butt. Wow did that hurt!"
D) "This year two of the people in our office died. One was hit by a drunk driver last summer when he was out biking, and the other had a fatal heart attack while shoveling snow. We all worked in the same office, reported to the same boss, and both of them were about my age. Makes me not want to do anything that is physically exerting."
E) "The prosecuting attorney pointed at the accused and said, 'For a man like him, raised in his religious culture, it is a huge dishonor if a wife is not totally subservient to her husband. That is how we know that the defendant is guilty of murder. I say that he is the one who beat his wife to death. His motive was that he thought she had somehow dishonored him."

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Define the affect heuristic.

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The affect heuristic influence...

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Which cognitive heuristic involves the natural tendency to underestimate one's risks and to overestimate one's ability to manage dangerous situations?


A) illusion of control
B) loss and risk aversion
C) optimistic bias
D) elimination by aspect

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The________ heuristic is the tendency to remember successful events as being the result of the decisions one made and actions that one took and past failures as having resulted from bad luck or someone else's mistakes.

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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Stereotyping Heuristic?


A) "There are a couple of city cops across the street on foot patrol. Just a couple more bullies in blue uniforms looking to roust some poor homeless dude or bust a couple of brown or black kids with a trumped up drug possession charge."
B) "It's one thing for us to serve and protect. That's our oath as police officers. But, hey, when you're out on the streets you got to protect yourself. I mean, it's a combat zone out there. We got stick together, cover each other's six. You know what I mean."
C) "When I was just going off to college I used to talk with my Dad about politics. He said the best approach was always to be conservative. So that's what I am."
D) "There was a time when I thought that the reason you didn't do your fair share of the housework was because you did not realize that I was your partner, not your mother. But now that you occasionally do the shopping, the laundry, and help with the dinner dishes I realize that you must not think I'm your mother but your maid instead."
E) "We did everything right. Everything! It was a useful product. Well designed and well built. We used an outstanding marketing approach. It is just that nobody wanted to buy it. That's not our fault. Nobody can predict what the public will like. The market just was not ready for what we were offering. Nothing we could do about that."

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is probably an expression of the influence of the Us vs. Them Heuristic?


A) "There are a couple of city cops across the street on foot patrol. Just a couple more bullies in blue uniforms looking to roust some poor homeless dude or bust a couple of brown or black kids with a trumped up drug possession charge."
B) "It's one thing for us to serve and protect. That's our oath as police officers. But, hey, when you're out on the streets you got to protect yourself. I mean, it's a combat zone out there. We got stick together, cover each other's six. You know what I mean."
C) "When I was just going off to college I used to talk with my Dad about politics. He said the best approach was always to be conservative. So that's what I am."
D) "There was a time when I thought that the reason you didn't do your fair share of the housework was because you did not realize that I was your partner, not your mother. But now that you occasionally do the shopping, the laundry, and help with the dinner dishes I realize that you must not think I'm your mother but your maid instead."
E) "We did everything right. Everything! It was a useful product. Well designed and well built. We used an outstanding marketing approach. It is just that nobody wanted to buy it. That's not our fault. Nobody can predict what the public will like. The market just was not ready for what we were offering. Nothing we could do about that."

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Explain how critical thinking is self-regulated System-2 thinking.

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Sytem-2 thinking is useful for judgments...

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What possible error in judgment can come about by the misapplication of the Simulation Heuristic?

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Overestimation of on...

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What possible error in judgment can come about by the misapplication of the Power Differential Heuristic?

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Accepting a mistaken opinion, ...

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Compare System-1 and System-2 thinking approaches to human decision making and discuss the conflict of the two systems.

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System-1 processing appears highly react...

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What possible error in judgment can come about by the misapplication of the Loss and Risk Aversion Heuristic?

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Paralysis of decisio...

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The ________ heuristic involves simplification of decisions by treating remotely probable outcomes as if they were impossible for all practical purposes.


A) elimination of aspect
B) all or nothing
C) anchoring with adjustment
D) stereotyping

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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