A) is the relay of information about conditions outside a cell to inside the cell.
B) often relies on a four component system.
C) never involves phosphorylation of various molecules.
D) is used by certain pathogens to sense high magnesium conditions.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.
G) C) and D)
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A) bound, and transcription starts.
B) removed, and transcription is inhibited.
C) bound, and transcription is inhibited.
D) removed, and transcription starts.
E) bound, and transcription is inhibited OR removed, and transcription starts.
G) B) and D)
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A) move along the tRNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
B) move along the mRNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
C) move along the mRNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
D) move along the DNA in a 5'-3' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
E) move along the DNA in a 3'-5' direction AND provide a platform that brings the amino acids into a favorable position for joining.
G) B) and D)
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A) transcription; translation
B) translation, transcription
C) replication; transcription
D) replication; translation
E) binary fission; transcription
G) A) and C)
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A) Detecting the concentration of a signaling molecule.
B) Quantifying the accumulation of waste products.
C) Measuring the depletion of oxygen in the environment.
D) Sensing the depletion of water in the environment.
E) Detecting the accumulation of endospores.
G) A) and C)
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A) covalent bonds.
B) oxygen bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) carbon bonds.
E) disulfide bridges.
G) All of the above
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A) has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of deoxyribose.
B) attaches to the 3' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide.
C) always has thymine and uracil attached to it.
D) usually has guanine and guanine attached to it.
E) has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of ribose.
G) C) and D)
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B) False
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A) A:T
B) G:C
C) A:U
D) A:G
E) C:G
G) B) and E)
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B) False
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A) is another name for any single-stranded DNA found in slowly dividing cells.
B) is formed during RNA replication because of the nature of the enzymes involved in it.
C) is formed during DNA replication because of the antiparallel nature of DNA.
D) is always the bottom strand of DNA or RNA during the replication process.
E) is always the upper strand of DNA or RNA during the replication process.
G) B) and C)
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A) Add nitrogen and toluene to the agar which will drive up synthesis of TNT, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for.
B) Add TNT to the agar-this will drive synthesis of the enzyme to degrade it, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for.
C) Remove glucose from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes.
D) Remove nitrogen and toluene from the agar which will lead to driving up synthesis of TNT, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for.
E) Remove TNT from the nutrient agar; it acts as an inhibitor of all microbial growth, and prevents the bacteria from synthesizing any enzymes at all.
G) B) and E)
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A) operon.
B) regulon.
C) operator.
D) repressor.
E) starter.
G) A) and D)
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A) Ribosomes have two subunits-a large subunit and a small subunit.
B) Ribosomes catalyze peptide bond formation between amino acids.
C) Bacterial ribosomes and eukaryote ribosomes are identical.
D) Protein synthesis is an anabolic reaction and requires ATP.
E) Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.
G) A) and B)
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A) is used by bacteria to sense the density of cells within their population AND is used by eukaryotes to sense the presence of bacteria in their environment.
B) involves the production and monitoring of signaling molecules AND is used by eukaryotes to sense the presence of bacteria within their population.
C) is used by bacteria to limit the density of cells in a population AND is used by eukaryotes to sense the presence of bacteria within their environment.
D) involves the production and monitoring of signaling molecules AND is used by bacteria to sense the density of cells within their population.
E) is used by bacteria to limit the density of cells in a population AND is used by eukaryotes to sense the presence of pathogens within their cells.
G) None of the above
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A) are complexes of ribosomes and RNA.
B) are self-catalytic RNA.
C) suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins.
D) are enzymes that degrade RNA and therefore have potential for clinical applications.
E) are self-catalytic RNA AND suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins.
G) A) and B)
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A) refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve monocistronic mRNA.
B) refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve both monocistronic and polycistronic DNA.
C) refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve monocistronic DNA.
D) refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve polycistronic DNA.
E) refers to a group of genes that are controlled in a coordinated manner AND involve polycistronic mRNA.
G) All of the above
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B) False
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A) 20
B) Fewer than 20
C) 64
D) Fewer than 64
E) 2
G) A) and C)
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A) Replication, translation, protein synthesis
B) DNA duplication, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis
C) Protein synthesis, mitosis, capsule formation
D) Mitosis, gene expression, apoptosis
E) DNA replication, mitosis, cytokinesis
G) C) and E)
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