A) only Congress could ban slavery -Consider This: The Court's decision in this case helped push the country towards a civil war.
B) black men were citizens but black women were not
C) the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
D) slavery was immoral but necessary
F) B) and D)
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A) a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
B) a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
C) a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance -Consider This: The Court has narrowed the scope of affirmative action policies but allows them if they are 'narrowly tailored' and needed for a 'compelling governmental interest.'
D) requiring that all job applicants have at least two years of prior experience
F) A) and B)
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A) property qualifications
B) racial segregation
C) poll taxes -Consider This: The Supreme Court affirmed Jim Crows laws in the nineteenth century by interpreting the Fourteenth Amendment very narrowly.
D) grandfather clauses
F) A) and D)
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A) the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections -Consider This: Despite the Voting Rights Act,each state is still largely in control of the voting rules within that state.
B) because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment
C) because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed
D) to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods
F) All of the above
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A) There are an equal number of male and female military generals.
B) Women are part of the regular armed services,rather than separate units.
C) Both men and women must register for the draft.-Consider This: Though the image shows soldiers it doesn't indicate anything about the draft.
D) Women are permitted in the army,but not other branches of the military.
F) A) and C)
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A) broad gender equality -Consider This: Advocates had hoped this would be included in the Fifteenth Amendment but they were ultimately disappointed by Congress.
B) the right to own property
C) equal pay for equal work
D) the right to vote
F) A) and C)
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A) disabled Americans
B) Asian Americans -Consider This: Liberties for this group were further expanded following the Obergefell v.Hodges decision.
C) American Indians
D) gays and lesbians
F) None of the above
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A) Jim Crow laws
B) the tendency for churches to be racially homogeneous -Consider This: Recall that de jure discrimination is contrasted with de facto discrimination.
C) the small number of African American senators
D) sequestering the jury in order to ensure a fair trial
F) B) and D)
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A) boycotts -Consider This: The civil rights movement used a variety of methods to combat discrimination but the NAACP was very effective using this tactic.
B) protests
C) litigation
D) marches and rallies
F) B) and D)
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A) Affirmative action policies are generally permissible,but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
B) Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
C) Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
D) All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.-Consider This: The Court has ruled that promoting diversity is a legitimate government objective.
F) B) and D)
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A) integration
B) Jim Crow laws
C) nonviolent resistance
D) Reconstruction -Consider This: This major piece of legislation followed the Brown v.Board of Education decision.
F) A) and C)
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A) race
B) economic status
C) involvement in insurrection
D) property ownership -Consider This: The primary purpose of the Civil War amendments (the Thirteenth,Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments) was to provide legal equality to former slaves.
F) B) and C)
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A) to raise revenue for the government
B) to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
C) to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
D) to enfranchise former slaves -Consider This: To enfranchise means to give a person or a group the right to vote.
F) None of the above
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A) affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race
B) affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible
C) affirmative action policies may be broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest
D) affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race,ethnicity,religion,or creed -Consider This: This decision made it more difficult for the federal government to implement affirmative action programs.
F) A) and C)
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A) when the Civil War ended -Consider This: The initial civil rights efforts in the United States focused primarily on de jure discrimination but later focused on de facto as well.
B) during Reconstruction with the passage of the 13th,14th,and 15th Amendments
C) in the 1950s with an increase in public policies seeking to foster racial equality
D) immediately prior to the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
F) A) and C)
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A) Minority groups felt powerless in the U.S.before the Civil Rights Movement.
B) The Civil Rights Movement's successes did not affect other groups.
C) The minority population is growing in the U.S.,and is the majority in some states.
D) Minority groups have more political power than whites.-Consider This: Though this might be true in the future,a large part of the minority population is children; many minorities also remain disenfranchised.
F) C) and D)
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A) the Equal Rights Amendment -Consider This: This amendment,passed shortly after the Civil War,is the cornerstone of modern civil rights law.
B) the Thirteenth Amendment
C) the Fourteenth Amendment
D) the Nineteenth Amendment
F) A) and B)
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A) juries
B) hotels
C) post offices -Consider This: In these cases,the Court found discrimination by individuals and businesses to be acceptable.
D) running for office
F) A) and C)
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A) It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.-Consider This: The Equal Rights Amendment was initially proposed in Congress in 1923.
B) It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.
C) It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.
D) It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.
F) A) and C)
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A) the refusal of African Americans to attend school with whites
B) freedom rides
C) de facto segregation
D) de jure segregation -Consider This: De jure segregation was made illegal by Brown v.Board of Education.
F) B) and C)
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