Question 1

Fluid imbalances are more common in individuals with a ________ percentage of body fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   high
B)   lowC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 2

Renal compensation for acidosis results in

Accepted Answer

A)   urine with a high pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
B)   urine with a high pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.
C)   urine with a low pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
D)   urine with a low pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes ________ of afferent arterioles and ________ of mesangial cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   constriction; contraction
B)   constriction; relaxation
C)   dilation; contraction
D)   dilation; relaxationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Decreases in blood pressure turn ________ the thirst center of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   on
B)   offC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 5

The process by which the kidneys eliminate excess acid or base is relatively

Accepted Answer

A)   quick (takes minutes)  and powerful.
B)   quick (takes minutes)  but limited (is not very powerful) .
C)   slow (takes hours to days)  but powerful.
D)   slow (takes hours to days)  and limited (is not very powerful) .E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Changes in blood osmolarity that turn off the thirst center also increase the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The molecule HCl is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   electrolyte.
B)   nonelectrolyte.
C)   base.D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 8

Collectively, the renal and respiratory systems comprise the chemical buffering system of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Blockage of lymphatic vessels or surgical removal of lymphatic vessels increases the likelihood of

Accepted Answer

A)   ascites, which is an example of volume depletion.
B)   ascites, which is an example of hypertonicity.
C)   edema, which is an example of fluid sequestration.
D)   edema, which is an example of volume depletion.
E)   pleural effusion, which is an example of hypertonic hydration.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Renin is released from the JG apparatus in response to

Accepted Answer

A)   high blood pressure or increased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
B)   high blood pressure or decreased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
C)   low blood pressure or increased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
D)   low blood pressure or decreased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.E) All of the above
F) C) and D) D

Question 12

How does the hormone aldosterone influence potassium levels?

Accepted Answer

A)   It increases potassium secretion by the kidneys and increases potassium blood concentration.
B)   It increases potassium secretion by the kidneys and decreases potassium blood concentration.
C)   It increases potassium reabsorption by the kidneys and decreases potassium blood concentration.
D)   It increases potassium reabsorption by the kidneys and increases potassium blood concentration.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Most of the fluid in our body is contained within our cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Aldosterone exerts effects on principal cells of the kidney by causing

Accepted Answer

A)   increased levels of cAMP and increases in the total number of Na+ channels.
B)   decreased levels of cAMP and decreases in the number of open K+ channels.
C)   increased numbers of Na+/K+ pumps.
D)   decreased numbers of Na+/K+ pumps.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Diabetes mellitus, profuse sweating, and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   volume excess.
B)   dehydration.
C)   hypotonic plasma.
D)   overhydration.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) B

Question 16

As an individual becomes dehydrated, the net movement of fluid in their body is from cells toward plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Ingestion of food results in water

Accepted Answer

A)   intake, as food contains some water.
B)   output, as food absorbs water and we lose more water through feces than we gain through eating.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 18

The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Interstitial fluid composes about ________ of the body's extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-tenth
B)   one-third
C)   one-half
D)   two-thirds
E)   nine-tenthsF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Interstitial fluid has a relatively ________ concentration of sodium and chloride; the concentrations of ions within the interstitial fluid and blood plasma are very ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   high; similar
B)   high; different
C)   low; similar
D)   low; differentE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

Fluid imbalances are more common in individuals with a ________ percentage of body fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal compensation for acidosis results in

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes ________ of afferent arterioles and ________ of mesangial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreases in blood pressure turn ________ the thirst center of the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which the kidneys eliminate excess acid or base is relatively

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in blood osmolarity that turn off the thirst center also increase the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The molecule HCl is an example of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Collectively, the renal and respiratory systems comprise the chemical buffering system of the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blockage of lymphatic vessels or surgical removal of lymphatic vessels increases the likelihood of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin is released from the JG apparatus in response to

Correct AnswerverifiedD

How does the hormone aldosterone influence potassium levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the fluid in our body is contained within our cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone exerts effects on principal cells of the kidney by causing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diabetes mellitus, profuse sweating, and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedB

As an individual becomes dehydrated, the net movement of fluid in their body is from cells toward plasma.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingestion of food results in water

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interstitial fluid composes about ________ of the body's extracellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interstitial fluid has a relatively ________ concentration of sodium and chloride; the concentrations of ions within the interstitial fluid and blood plasma are very ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes of afferent arterioles and of mesangial cells.

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D

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B

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Interstitial fluid has a relatively concentration of sodium and chloride; the concentrations of ions within the interstitial fluid and blood plasma are very .

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