Question 1

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

Accepted Answer

A)   volatile acid.
B)   bicarbonate ions.
C)   fixed acid.D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 2

If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2, but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4, that increase in pH would be called

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis.
B)   alkalosis.
C)   compensation.
D)   imbalance.
E)   partial noncompensation.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are

Accepted Answer

A)   high blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
B)   high blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity.
C)   low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
D)   low blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity.
E)   low blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by

Accepted Answer

A)   synthesizing and secreting bicarbonate ions while reabsorbing H+.
B)   synthesizing and reabsorbing H+ while filtering bicarbonate ions.
C)   synthesizing and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions while secreting H+.
D)   decreasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of both bicarbonate ions and H+.
E)   increasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of H+.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

When physiological systems cannot compensate for an acid-base disturbance, and the deviation from normal pH becomes more persistent, it is referred to as an acid-base ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When physiological systems cannot compensate for an...

Question 6

If a strong acid were to add H+ to the intracellular fluid, the effect would most likely be buffered, because

Accepted Answer

A)   HPO42- would act as a weak acid and donate an H+ to become PO4-.
B)   HPO42- would act as a weak base and accept an H+ to become H2PO4-.
C)   H2PO4- would act as a weak acid and accept an H+ to become H3PO4-.
D)   PO4 would act as a strong base and accept an H+ to become HPO4.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Water lost through feces is considered ________ water loss.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensible, obligatory
B)   sensible, facultative
C)   insensible, obligatory
D)   insensible, facultativeE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis.
B)   alkalosis.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 9

If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity

Accepted Answer

A)   rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
B)   rises and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
C)   decreases and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.
D)   decreases and becomes hypotonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which ion is the principal solute of the ECF and is crucial for neuromuscular and renal function?

Accepted Answer

A)   Magnesium
B)   Phosphate
C)   Calcium
D)   Sodium
E)   PotassiumF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)   negatively charged proteins.
B)   phosphate.
C)   chloride.
D)   hydrogen.
E)   acetic acid.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

When the pH of the ECF decreases, K+ starts to move from the

Accepted Answer

A)   ECF to the ICF.
B)   ICF to the ECF.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 14

The amine groups contained within amino acids of proteins can act as weak

Accepted Answer

A)   acids.
B)   bases.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

Most potassium loss from the body occurs through

Accepted Answer

A)   sweat.
B)   urine.
C)   feces.
D)   respiration.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Angiotensin II triggers

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction and increased urine output from the kidneys.
B)   vasoconstriction and decreased urine output from the kidneys.
C)   vasodilation and increased urine output from the kidneys.
D)   vasodilation and decreased urine output from the kidneys.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body, such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere, is known as fluid ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An accumulation of fluid in one area...

Question 18

Facultative water loss is loss that

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs regardless of the state of hydration of the body.
B)   is controlled by hormone effects on the kidney.
C)   occurs through sweating and breathing.D) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 19

To account for their effects on osmotic pressure, the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in

Accepted Answer

A)   moles.
B)   moieties.
C)   milliequivalents per liter.
D)   moles per liter.
E)   milliliters.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

A comparison of the two major body fluid compartments reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)   two-thirds of the total fluid is outside our cells and one-third is within our cells.
B)   two-thirds of the total fluid is within our cells and one-third is outside our cells.
C)   half of the total fluid is within our cells and half is outside our cells.
D)   six-sevenths of the total fluid is within our cells and one-seventh is outside our cells.
E)   six-sevenths of the total fluid is outside our cells and one-seventh is within our cells.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

When the pH of the ECF decreases, K+ starts to move from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body, such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere, is known as fluid ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Facultative water loss is loss that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which ion is the principal solute of the ECF and is crucial for neuromuscular and renal function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2, but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4, that increase in pH would be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II triggers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a strong acid were to add H+ to the intracellular fluid, the effect would most likely be buffered, because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A comparison of the two major body fluid compartments reveals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To account for their effects on osmotic pressure, the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most potassium loss from the body occurs through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amine groups contained within amino acids of proteins can act as weak

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When physiological systems cannot compensate for an acid-base disturbance, and the deviation from normal pH becomes more persistent, it is referred to as an acid-base ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water lost through feces is considered ________ water loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH of the ECF decreases, K⁺ starts to move from the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If a strong acid were to add H⁺ to the intracellular fluid, the effect would most likely be buffered, because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified