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If the price level doubled in a 23-year period, we can conclude that the average annual rate of inflation over that period was about 3 percent.

A) True
B) False

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The duration of a recession measures the depth of decline in real output during the recession.

A) True
B) False

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Inflation, as measured by percentage changes in the CPI,


A) concerns policymakers more than the level of core inflation.
B) does not include the most price-flexible goods in the economy.
C) is generally less volatile than core inflation.
D) is generally more volatile than core inflation.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Most economists agree that the immediate cause of most business cycle variation is


A) an unexpected change in the productivity of workers.
B) an unexpected change in the level of total spending.
C) the invention of new products.
D) the growth and subsequent bursting of financial bubbles.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following formulas is correct? Percentage change in


A) price level approximates percentage change in real income minus percentage change in nominal income.
B) real income approximates percentage change in nominal income minus percentage change in price level.
C) nominal income approximates percentage change in price level minus percentage change in real income.
D) real income approximates percentage change in price level minus percentage change in nominal income.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When unanticipated deflation occurs,


A) both creditors and debtors benefit.
B) both creditors and debtors are hurt.
C) debtors are hurt, but creditors benefit.
D) creditors are hurt, but debtors benefit.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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