Question 1

In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher can communicate the kind of response or behaviorthat is expected from the participant. Such signals are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effects.
B)  demand characteristics.
C)  main effects.
D)  treatment effects.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Professor Diaz is studying the development of the human brainfrom infancy to early adulthood. She takes the _____perspective and her specialty area is _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic; social
B)  evolutionary; cognitive
C)  behavioral; social
D)  biological; developmentalE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Anecdotal evidence:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more reliable than data generated by artificial laboratory experiments.
B)  consists of telling personal stories to support a particular claim.
C)   is essentially the same as conducting a survey.
D)  typically involves large groups of randomly selected research participants.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected:

Accepted Answer

A)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "poor."
B)  from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.
C)  because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "excellent."
D)  from undergraduate students in courses at Harvard University where they could earn extra credit for participating in research.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above B

Question 5

The specialty area of psychology that helps people of all agesadjust, adapt, and cope with personal and interpersonalproblems in such diverse areas as relationships, work,education, marriage, child rearing, and aging is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  health psychology.
B)  counseling psychology.
C)  rehabilitation psychology.
D)  forensic psychology.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

According to Professor Zarkov's correlational data, there is astatistically significant relationship between the socioeconomic level of a family and how much time the parents spend talking to their children. To say that the results of this study are"statistically significant" means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables.
B)  the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance.
C)  the finding has no mathematical validity.
D)  the finding can be used to generate new theories.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In case-based research, information from multiple _____studies is systematically combined and analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey
B)  correlational
C)  experimental
D)  caseE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

René Descartes promoted a doctrine called interactive monism,an idea that the mind and the body are one entity that produce ssensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The use of anecdotes or testimonials is a common strategy in promoting pseudoscientific claims.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 10

The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory may not generalize well, meaning that the results cannot be applied toreal-world situations or to more general populations beyond the participants in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Scientific research into the effects of magnet therapy has demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  magnets of various types can relieve pain and other ailments.
B)  magnets applied to the head enlarge the hippocampus and improve memory and learning abilities.
C)  magnets, regardless of the type used, do not relieve pain and other ailments.
D)  static magnets are more effective in relieving pain and other ailments than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)  or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Critical thinkers engage in reflective thinking. This means that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  assume other perspectives.
B)  use their intuition to solve problems.
C)  maintain an attitude of healthy skepticism.
D)  expect and accept complexity.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following statements is a key advantage ofnaturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers can manipulate animal and human behavior.
B)  Operational definitions are not needed, since only natural behaviors are studied.
C)  Researchers can easily duplicate conditions that have been first investigated in laboratory settings.
D)  Researchers can study behavior that could not ethically be manipulated in an experiment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

William James played a key role in helping to establish psychology in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Many cultures are neither completely individualistic nor completely collectivistic, but fall somewhere between the two extremes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Descriptive research methods:

Accepted Answer

A)  typically answer the "who, what, where, when, and how often" questions about behavior.
B)  are no longer used in contemporary psychology.
C)  have been replaced by sophisticated brain imaging techniques.
D)  provide the most compelling evidence of cause-and-effect relationships.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following best represents psychology's basicgoals?

Accepted Answer

A)  investigate and treat mental illness
B)  describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior
C)  listen to, counsel, and console people with problems
D)  apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behaviorE) B) and D)
F) A) and B) B

Question 18

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Crum and Langer reported that none of the participants benefited from perceiving housekeeping work as exercise, and also that those in the informed group reported higher levels of fatigue than the uninformed group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A placebo is a fake and inert substance, procedure, or treatment that has no known direct effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

In a research study, subtle cues or signals expressed by the researcher can communicate the kind of response or behaviorthat is expected from the participant. Such signals are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Diaz is studying the development of the human brainfrom infancy to early adulthood. She takes the _____perspective and her specialty area is _____ psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anecdotal evidence:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The specialty area of psychology that helps people of all agesadjust, adapt, and cope with personal and interpersonalproblems in such diverse areas as relationships, work,education, marriage, child rearing, and aging is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Professor Zarkov's correlational data, there is astatistically significant relationship between the socioeconomic level of a family and how much time the parents spend talking to their children. To say that the results of this study are"statistically significant" means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In case-based research, information from multiple _____studies is systematically combined and analyzed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

René Descartes promoted a doctrine called interactive monism,an idea that the mind and the body are one entity that produce ssensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of anecdotes or testimonials is a common strategy in promoting pseudoscientific claims.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory may not generalize well, meaning that the results cannot be applied toreal-world situations or to more general populations beyond the participants in the study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientific research into the effects of magnet therapy has demonstrated that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critical thinkers engage in reflective thinking. This means that they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is a key advantage ofnaturalistic observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

William James played a key role in helping to establish psychology in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many cultures are neither completely individualistic nor completely collectivistic, but fall somewhere between the two extremes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive research methods:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best represents psychology's basicgoals?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crum and Langer reported that none of the participants benefited from perceiving housekeeping work as exercise, and also that those in the informed group reported higher levels of fatigue than the uninformed group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A placebo is a fake and inert substance, procedure, or treatment that has no known direct effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Professor Diaz is studying the development of the human brainfrom infancy to early adulthood. She takes the _perspective and her specialty area is _ psychology.

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B

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True

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B

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