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When the Gulf Stream reaches the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, it sinks to the ocean floor and deflects to become the North Atlantic Deep Water.

A) True
B) False

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Global sea level change, called eustatic sea level change, occurs by which three mechanisms?

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A global sea level change, called eustatic sea level change , occurs by three mechanisms: the growth or melting of glaciers, changes in water temperature, and changes in the volume of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge.

How does microplastic debris move through the ocean?

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Microplastic debris is mixed a...

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During an interval of 24 hours and 53 minutes, most coastlines experience ____ high tide(s) and ____ low tide(s) .


A) one; one
B) two; two
C) three; two
D) four; four

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Describe upwelling in terms of where it happens and what happens during the process.

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Upwelling carries cold water from the oc...

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A sheltered body of water separated from the sea by a reef or barrier island is a(n) _______________.

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What is the depth for the thermocline?

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The thermocline exte...

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Because Earth's circumference is greatest at the equator and Earth rotates once each day, a point on the equator rotates much faster than a point near the North Pole.

A) True
B) False

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How does refraction affect wave erosion along irregular coasts?


A) Waves refract away from headlands and focus erosion in adjacent bays.
B) Headlands erode more quickly and adjacent bays fill with sand.
C) Refraction causes headlands and bays to erode at the same rate.
D) Refraction protects irregular coasts from erosion.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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____ is the process by which surface water moved by wind drags the layer of ocean water below it, which in turn drags the layer below it, and so forth, with the direction of movement in each layer deflected by the Coriolis effect.


A) Tidal bulge
B) Wave base
C) Thermohaline circulation
D) Ekman transport

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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What is the definition of salinity?

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The salinity of seawater is the total quantity of dissolved salts, expressed as a percentage .

Any strip of shoreline washed by waves and tides is called a(n) _______________.

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The bending of a wave that occurs when it approaches the shore at an angle and the end of the wave in shallow water slows down is called _______________.

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High and low tides occur at the same time every day.

A) True
B) False

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A wavelength is the ____.


A) highest part of a wave
B) distance between successive crests
C) fetch of a wave
D) vertical distance between the crest and the trough of a wave

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Circular or elliptical currents in either water or air are called _______________.

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The circular motion of water caused by a passing wave diminishes with depth until it becomes negligible at the _______________.

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wave base,base

A(n) _______________ coastline is one that was previously above sea level but has been drowned, because either the land has sunk or sea level has risen.

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Define a spit and baymouth bar - how are they related?

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A spit is a small, fingerlike ridge of s...

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The salinity of the oceans has been relatively constant throughout much of geologic time because salt has been removed from seawater at roughly the same rate at which it has been added.

A) True
B) False

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