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Neoteny tends to occur in high energy environments.

A) True
B) False

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A life history strategy refers to the fact that


A) the organism designs its own reproductive pattern.
B) natural selection operates on just one aspect of reproduction.
C) energy does not limit reproduction.
D) the life history consists of a suite of adaptations.
E) none of the above

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Jack in the pulpit exhibits sequential hermaphroditism as an adaptation to


A) avoid predation on female plants.
B) avoid predation on male plants.
C) the variation in energy availability.
D) decrease the energy cost of switching sex.
E) none of the above

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Resting stages are an adaptation to unpredictable environments.

A) True
B) False

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Cole's paradox states that


A) the difference in between semelparity and iteroparity is relatively small.
B) iteroparity is really the same as semelparity.
C) for iteroparous species the mortality costs are small.
D) for semelparous species the mortality costs are small.
E) none of the above

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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According to bet-hedging theory organisms reduce the variation in fitness relative to the mean fitness.

A) True
B) False

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Natural selection has its greatest effect where Vx is __________.

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The fundamental basis for the evolution of the life history strategy is that __________.

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the organism has fin...

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r-selected species occur in competitive environments.

A) True
B) False

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Empirical studies show that


A) reproduction has a mortality cost.
B) mortality has a reproductive cost.
C) artificially large clutches produce more young.
D) reducing the clutch size increases mortality.
E) none of the above

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Reproductive is maximum at birth because the organism has not begun to reproduce.

A) True
B) False

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Genes that act after reproduction is completed are not affected by selection.

A) True
B) False

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Deleterious mutations that act __________ the peak in Vx are not affected by selection.

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Reproductive value measures the


A) value of R0 for the entire population.
B) lifetime reproductive output of an individual.
C) expected reproductive output of an individual of a specific age.
D) expected reproductive output at one moment in time.
E) none of the above

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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