Question 1

For living organisms,which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The energy content of an organism is constant.
B)  The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
C)  The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity.
D)  Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter.
E)  Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

During a laboratory experiment,you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol.If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction,what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  -40 kcal/mol
B)  -20 kcal/mol
C)  0 kcal/mol
D)  +20 kcal/mol
E)  +40 kcal/molF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A multienzyme complex contains all the enzymes of a metabolic pathway.
B)  A product of a pathway serves as a competitive inhibitor of an early enzyme in the pathway.
C)  A substrate molecule bound to an active site of one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits.
D)  Several substrate molecules can be catalyzed by the same enzyme.
E)  A substrate binds to an active site and inhibits cooperation between enzymes in a pathway.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 4

If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium,what will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Additional product will be formed.
B)  Additional substrate will be formed.
C)  The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic.
D)  The free energy of the system will change.
E)  Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.Unfortunately,the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make it resistant to these competitive inhibitors.Where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such amino acid changes most likely occur in drug-resistant viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  in or near the active site
B)  at an allosteric site
C)  at a cofactor binding site
D)  in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid
E)  Such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of metabolism for an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  all chemical reactions
B)  all chemical reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller molecules
C)  all chemical reactions that take small molecules and condense them into larger molecules
D)  all chemical reactions that lead to the production of ATP
E)  all chemical reactions that increase the potential energy of the organismF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  a pentose sugar
B)  a DNA nucleotide
C)  an RNA nucleotide
D)  an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached
E)  a phospholipidF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

What kind of process is digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism
B)  catabolism
C)  inorganic
D)  non-energetic
E)  organismalF) B) and C)
G) A) and B) B

Question 9

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.
B)  Metabolism depends on an organism's adequate hydration.
C)  Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources.
D)  Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.
E)  Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 10

If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate,the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

Accepted Answer

A)  add more of the enzyme.
B)  heat the solution to 90°C.
C)  add more substrate.
D)  add an allosteric inhibitor.
E)  add a noncompetitive inhibitor.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

When chemical,transport,or mechanical work is done by an organism,what happens to the heat generated?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used to power yet more cellular work.
B)  It is used to store energy as more ATP.
C)  It is used to generate ADP from nucleotide precursors.
D)  It is lost to the environment.
E)  It is transported to specific organs such as the brain.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

When ATP releases some energy,it also releases inorganic phosphate.What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phosphate is released as an excretory waste.
B)  The phosphate can only be used to regenerate more ATP.
C)  The phosphate can be added to water and excreted as a liquid.
D)  The phosphate may be incorporated into any molecule that contains phosphate.
E)  It enters the nucleus to affect gene expression.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
B)  The entropy of the universe is decreasing.
C)  The entropy of the universe is constant.
D)  Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter.
E)  Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP and phosphate.
B)  Cells use the cycle to recycle energy released by ATP hydrolysis.
C)  Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP, phosphate, and the energy released by ATP hydrolysis.
D)  Cells use the cycle to generate or consume water molecules as needed.
E)  Cells use the cycle primarily to generate heat.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism
B)  anabolism
C)  catabolism
D)  bioenergetics
E)  thermodynamicsF) C) and D)
G) None of the above D

Question 16

Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  The catalyzed reaction will be slower.
B)  The catalyzed reaction will have a different ∆G.
C)  The catalyzed reaction will have higher activation energy.
D)  The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst.
E)  The catalyzed reaction will have a lower activation energy.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not depend on enzymes.
B)  They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions.
C)  They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
D)  They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.
E)  They consume energy to decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure below.
 
-Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A)  a
B)  b
C)  c
D)  d
E)  eF) B) and D)
G) A) and D) C

Question 19

Zinc,an essential trace element for most organisms,is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase.The zinc most likely functions as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
B)  noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
C)  allosteric activator of the enzyme.
D)  cofactor necessary for enzyme activity.
E)  coenzyme derived from a vitamin.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Use the following figure to answer the question below.
  
Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant
concentration,with the concentration of enzyme constant.
-When is a reaction at chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the reactants are at the same concentration as the products
B)  when the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate
C)  when there is no reactant remaining
D)  when there is no product remaining
E)  A reaction never reaches chemical equilibrium.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

For living organisms,which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

Correct Answer
verified

During a laboratory experiment,you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol.If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction,what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

Correct Answer
verified

If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium,what will occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is the most accurate definition of metabolism for an organism?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

Correct Answer
verified

What kind of process is digestion?

Correct Answer
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B

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Correct Answer
verified

If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate,the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

Correct Answer
verified

When chemical,transport,or mechanical work is done by an organism,what happens to the heat generated?

Correct Answer
verified

When ATP releases some energy,it also releases inorganic phosphate.What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?

Correct Answer
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What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

Correct Answer
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D

Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?

Correct Answer
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The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure below. -Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure above?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Zinc,an essential trace element for most organisms,is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase.The zinc most likely functions as a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following figure to answer the question below. Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant concentration,with the concentration of enzyme constant. -When is a reaction at chemical equilibrium?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

For living organisms,which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a laboratory experiment,you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol.If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction,what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements describes enzyme cooperativity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium,what will occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of metabolism for an organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kind of process is digestion?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate,the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When chemical,transport,or mechanical work is done by an organism,what happens to the heat generated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When ATP releases some energy,it also releases inorganic phosphate.What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the study of how energy flows through living organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure below. -Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure above?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Zinc,an essential trace element for most organisms,is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase.The zinc most likely functions as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following figure to answer the question below. Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant concentration,with the concentration of enzyme constant. -When is a reaction at chemical equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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D

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C

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