Question 1

At 2 to 3 months of age, infants

Accepted Answer

A)   can detect objects represented by incomplete drawings.
B)   perceive subjective boundaries that really are not present.
C)   prefer the walking-human display.
D)   explore the internal features of a pattern.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the ________ lobes.

Accepted Answer

A)   occipital
B)   frontal
C)   temporal
D)   parietalE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Dynamic systems theory provides convincing evidence that motor development

Accepted Answer

A)   is generally slower in females than males.
B)   is hardwired into the nervous system.
C)   always follows the cephalocaudal trend.
D)   cannot be genetically determined.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Near-infrared spectroscopy

Accepted Answer

A)   enables identification of general regions of stimulus-induced activity.
B)   detects changes in electrical brain-wave activity in the cerebral cortex.
C)   is appropriate for infants and young children, who can move within a limited range during testing.
D)   records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to particular stimuli using the EEG.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

In a large study of children with injuries to the cerebral cortex that occurred before birth or in the first six months of life,

Accepted Answer

A)   delays in language development persisted into adolescence if injury occurred in the left hemisphere.
B)   delays in language development persisted into adolescence if injury occurred in the right hemisphere.
C)   undamaged areas in either the left or the right hemisphere took over vocabulary and grammatical skills by age 5.
D)   language skills were more likely to be permanently damaged than spatial skills.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

An estimated 22 percent of U.S. children suffer from

Accepted Answer

A)   marasmus.
B)   food insecurity.
C)   kwashiorkor.
D)   iron deficiency anemia.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Reaching is largely controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)   hand-eye coordination.
B)   gross-motor development.
C)   proprioception.
D)   vision.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Prim has classically conditioned young Rue to suck when Prim touches Rue's stomach during feeding. If Prim repeatedly touches Rue's stomach without feeding her, Rue will

Accepted Answer

A)   gradually stop sucking in response to having her stomach touched.
B)   learn to suck without having her stomach touched.
C)   stop eating until Prim touches her stomach and feeds her again.
D)   increase her level of sucking in response to having her stomach touched.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of X-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as Damon processes particular stimuli. Damon's brain functioning is being measured using

Accepted Answer

A)   an electroencephalogram.
B)   event-related potentials.
C)   functional magnetic resonance imaging.
D)   position emission tomography.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Bulous is 20 months old and was recently weaned. He has an unbalanced diet very low in protein. Bulous has an enlarged belly, swollen feet, a skin rash, and thinning hair. Bulous most likely has

Accepted Answer

A)   iron-deficiency anemia.
B)   kwashiorkor.
C)   nonorganic failure to thrive.
D)   marasmus.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

As Baby Harriet smiles and laughs, her mother responds by smiling, laughing, and talking gently to her. This makes Harriet smile and laugh more often. The mother's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   a reinforcer.
C)   recovery.
D)   extinction.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

When Baby Rico whimpers and whines, his mother responds by ignoring him and refusing to pick him up. This decreases Rico's whining. The mother's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   a reinforcer.
C)   recovery.
D)   punishment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

According to the Gibsons, perception is guided by the discovery of

Accepted Answer

A)   failure.
B)   success.
C)   dynamic relationships.
D)   affordances.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

According to Andrew Meltzoff, newborns imitate

Accepted Answer

A)   more at 2 to 3 months old than just after birth.
B)   more often for their mothers than for their fathers.
C)   random movements and facial expressions.
D)   much as older children and adults do.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

As long as negative environmental influences such as poor nutrition or illness are not severe,

Accepted Answer

A)   children and adolescents typically show catch-up growth once conditions improve.
B)   adopted children typically reach a height closer to their adoptive than biological parents' heights.
C)   body weight is influenced by eating habits rather than heredity.
D)   height and rate of physical growth are largely determined by the environment.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Studies of perception demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)   Western adults, but not infants, can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations of non-Western music.
B)   Western children retain the ability to detect deviations in foreign musical rhythms throughout childhood.
C)   Western babies lose their ability to detect deviations in foreign musical rhythms by 12 months of age.
D)   several weeks of daily opportunities to listen to non-Western music restores Western adults' sensitivity to music rhythms.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Breastfed babies in poverty-stricken regions of the world

Accepted Answer

A)   are more likely than bottle-fed babies to be malnourished.
B)   should be given a vitamin-enriched supplement of commercial formula at least weekly.
C)   are far more likely than bottle-fed babies to survive the first year of life.
D)   should be breastfed until age 2 years, with solid food added at 3 months of age.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following statements is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth?

Accepted Answer

A)   In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs.
B)   At birth, the head takes up one-fourth of total body length, the legs only one-third.
C)   In the prenatal period, the trunk grows first, followed by the chest and the head.
D)   During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet develop more rapidly than the trunk.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following motor skills typically develops first?

Accepted Answer

A)   rolling from back to side
B)   building a tower of two cubes
C)   grasping a cube
D)   playing pat-a-cakeE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

In the United States,

Accepted Answer

A)   nearly 75 percent of mothers breastfeed, but half of them stop after a few months.
B)   most mothers follow the advice of the World Health Organization regarding when to stop breastfeeding.
C)   breastfeeding has become more common, especially among low-income minority women.
D)   only 25 percent of preterm babies are breastfed at hospital discharge.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 5: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Which of the following motor skills typically develops first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At 2 to 3 months of age, infants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An estimated 22 percent of U.S. children suffer from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the ________ lobes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dynamic systems theory provides convincing evidence that motor development

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prim has classically conditioned young Rue to suck when Prim touches Rue's stomach during feeding. If Prim repeatedly touches Rue's stomach without feeding her, Rue will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bulous is 20 months old and was recently weaned. He has an unbalanced diet very low in protein. Bulous has an enlarged belly, swollen feet, a skin rash, and thinning hair. Bulous most likely has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Baby Harriet smiles and laughs, her mother responds by smiling, laughing, and talking gently to her. This makes Harriet smile and laugh more often. The mother's behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of perception demonstrate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reaching is largely controlled by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a large study of children with injuries to the cerebral cortex that occurred before birth or in the first six months of life,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As long as negative environmental influences such as poor nutrition or illness are not severe,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Near-infrared spectroscopy

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Breastfed babies in poverty-stricken regions of the world

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of X-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as Damon processes particular stimuli. Damon's brain functioning is being measured using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Baby Rico whimpers and whines, his mother responds by ignoring him and refusing to pick him up. This decreases Rico's whining. The mother's behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Andrew Meltzoff, newborns imitate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Gibsons, perception is guided by the discovery of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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