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Exam 1: What Are Justice and Social Justice

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Question 1

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Summarize David Miller's theory of justice. Be sure to explain his theory fully, including each of his principles of justice.

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David Miller's theory of justice is based on the idea of social justice and the fair distribution of resources within a society. He outlines three principles of justice that he believes are essential for creating a just society. The first principle is the principle of need. According to Miller, a just society should ensure that everyone's basic needs are met, including access to food, shelter, healthcare, and education. This principle emphasizes the importance of addressing inequalities and ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity to thrive. The second principle is the principle of desert. Miller argues that individuals should be rewarded based on their contributions and efforts. This means that those who work hard and make valuable contributions to society should be rewarded accordingly. However, Miller also acknowledges that not everyone has the same opportunities and abilities, so this principle should be balanced with the principle of need to ensure fairness. The third principle is the principle of equality. Miller believes that a just society should strive for equality in terms of political rights, opportunities, and social status. This principle emphasizes the importance of treating everyone with equal respect and ensuring that no one is discriminated against based on their race, gender, or other characteristics. Overall, Miller's theory of justice emphasizes the importance of addressing inequalities, rewarding individual efforts, and promoting equality within society. By balancing these three principles, Miller believes that a just society can be achieved.

Question 2

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Rawls' theory also states that "Social and economic inequalities are to … "be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society." This is referred to as the:

A) Difference principle
B) Equal opportunity principle
C) Equal liberties principle
D) None of the above

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 3

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This is the theory of justice that focuses on freedom, or assuring well-being and happiness in society for a majority of people.

________is a type of justice that means punishing an individual who commits a crime, assuring that victims of crime are served by their government.

Miller's theory focuses on the principle dealing with -------------------------------lacking in basic necessities and is being harmed or is in danger of being harmed and/or that one's capacity to function is being impeded," which he refers to as:

Which of the following posited am egalitarian theory of justice?

Miller's theory focuses on another principle that says "earned reward [should be] based on performance … superior performance should attract superior recognition," which he refers to as:

This is a type of justice that means "punishing an individual who commits a crime" and which "assures that victims of crime are served by their government"

Summarize John Rawls' theory of justice. Be sure to explain his theory fully, including each of his principles of justice.

Which of the following posited a utilitarian theory of justice?

Friedman Hayek was a free market libertarian yet he proposed that it was necessary to

Which of the following posited a virtue-based theory of justice?

According to your text, which theory of justice is appealing to most Americans?

Which of the following posited a free market style libertarian theory of justice?

This term was defined as "giving people what they deserve based on the harms they Cause."

Rawls' theory also states that "Social and economic inequalities are to … be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity." This is referred to as the:

Rawls' theory states that "Each person has the same indefensible claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, which scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all." This is referred to as the:

David Miller's theory of justice is commonly referred to as:

Herbert Packer's fictional ____________of criminal justice is primarily focused on protecting Constitutional rights by being as reliable as possible.

This principle of justice refers to "morality"