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Which statement would have most likely been said by a member of Las Gorras Blancas?


A) "We must coexist with white property-owners if we are to prosper."
B) "Retaining Hispanic titles to great tracts of land is our greatest accomplishment."
C) "We raid at night, if needed, to stop the Anglo encroachment on our land."
D) "We denounce the portion of our heritage that is Indian."

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The Santa Fe Ring:


A) resisted the settlement of Anglo ranchers.
B) petitioned the president to endure civil rights for Indians.
C) were laborers from France and Italy who worked in vineyards.
D) seized millions of acres through fraud and legal manipulation.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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It took 5,000 U.S. troops to capture 36 Apaches led by:


A) Sitting Bull.
B) Crazy Horse.
C) Geronimo.
D) Black Kettle.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The Chisholm Trail did NOT travel through:


A) Texas.
B) Nebraska.
C) Oklahoma.
D) Indian Territory.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which group was not a major part of the people known as "cowboys"?


A) African-Americans
B) Irish-Americans who left urban areas in the East
C) Mexican-Americans
D) ex-Confederates who did not return home after the Civil War

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Many farmers of the Great Plains turned to growing wheat because:


A) the market for corn and cotton no longer existed.
B) farmers in the East had a monopoly on all other products.
C) it was more resistant to drought than corn.
D) the government subsidized small farmers' efforts to grow it.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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All of the following statements are true about cowboys EXCEPT:


A) landowners never stopped cowboys from the practice of "mavericking" cattle.
B) they sometimes went on strike to protest low wages.
C) their image of rugged individuality was more myth than reality.
D) cowboys were initially seasonal employees who worked closely with owners.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Ecological disasters that plagued the Cattle Kingdom included all of the following EXCEPT:


A) the overgrowth of sagebrush as a result of overstocked ranges.
B) a series of deadly tornadoes that destroyed commercial ranges.
C) a prolonged drought that lasted through the mid-1880s.
D) the death of millions of cattle during the blizzards of the late 1880s.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Pueblo society was noted for its:


A) nomadic hunting and herding of sheep.
B) intensive agriculture and unified community goals.
C) reliance on living in small, isolated clans.
D) hunting of buffalo on the Great Plains.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What is the correct order of events?


A) Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of Little Big Horn, gold found in Colorado
B) Gold found in Colorado, Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of Little Big Horn
C) Sand Creek Massacre, gold found in Colorado, Battle of Little Big Horn
D) Battle of Little Big Horn, gold found in Colorado, Sand Creek Massacre

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Railway companies encouraged settlers to come to the West:


A) because they could not find laborers to build rail lines.
B) so they would grow food that could be transported on rail lines.
C) because they wanted to distribute free land to new settlers.
D) so that Christianity could become the official religion in state constitutions.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The Sioux were finally defeated:


A) after their defeat at the Battle of Little Big Horn.
B) due to their inexperience in battle situations.
C) as a result of Crazy Horse's failed offensive at the Battle of Rosebud.
D) because they had to divide up their forces to hunt for food.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The Homestead Act:


A) promised freedom from taxation for middle-class landholders in the West.
B) guaranteed free acres of land to citizens who farmed the land for five years.
C) actually had the effect of slowing white settlement in the West.
D) gave away far more land to common people than had been given to railway companies.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Poor conditions for miners resulted in:


A) management offering higher wages to immigrant workers only.
B) widespread unionization movements by miners.
C) a collapse of the industry's financial foundation.
D) a return to small-scale prospecting enterprises.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which event happened first?


A) Battle of Little Bighorn
B) Wounded Knee Massacre
C) second Fort Laramie Treaty
D) passage of the Dawes Act

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which group suffered from the most prejudice in mining towns?


A) native-born whites
B) Irish-Americans
C) German-Americans
D) Chinese-Americans

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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In Roughing It, Mark Twain wrote that men became influential in mining towns by selling:


A) governmental positions.
B) whiskey.
C) guns.
D) pardons for cattle-rustling.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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The Central Pacific Railroad company relied heavily on the low-paid, hard work done by:


A) laborers who were native-born Americans.
B) immigrants from eastern Europe.
C) Chinese immigrants.
D) British Americans.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Farming in the West:


A) had very similar conditions to the family farm of the East.
B) failed to become a major aspect of local economies.
C) was stimulated by the fact that most settlers received their land for free.
D) required a much larger scale of farming to achieve success.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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