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Sellers should know that the less elastic the demand for their product, the more advantageous it is for them to ________.


A) drop the price
B) raise the price
C) maintain the price
D) discontinue the item
E) bundle the item with another product

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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________ is a new business strategy of offering a basic version of a product free of charge and then charging for upgraded versions of the product.


A) Prestige pricing
B) Freemium
C) Price segmentation
D) Reverse marketing
E) Dynamic marketing

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Many people rely on a prescription drug to control their cholesterol. An increase in the price of the drug would have little effect on the quantity demanded because there are no substitutes for the drug and because people who take it have no choice but to continue taking it if they wish to stay healthy. The demand for the cholesterol drug is ________.


A) elastic
B) inelastic
C) cross-elastic
D) supply-driven
E) asymmetrical

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Trade or functional discounts are offered by manufacturers to which of the following?


A) channel intermediaries who perform wholesaling tasks that the manufacturer would otherwise have to perform
B) consumers who earn a price reduction for buying in bulk
C) intermediaries who pay their bills before they are due
D) manufacturers that agree to exclusive distribution contracts
E) the government market and other organizations that require bid proposals

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following occurs when price is inelastic?


A) Price and revenue change in the same direction.
B) Revenues decrease when price increases.
C) Revenue is unaffected by price changes.
D) Quantity demanded increases when price increases.
E) The demand curve is more horizontal.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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In a(n) ________, all of the buyers know the highest price bid at any point in time.


A) reverse auction
B) dynamic auction
C) open auction
D) reserve auction
E) price-lining auction

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT a type of pricing objective?


A) elasticity
B) market share
C) profit
D) competitive effect
E) image enhancement

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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For a company that manufactures plastic signs, the printing press to make the signs, the manager's salary, and the utilities are all examples of ________.


A) fixed costs
B) average fixed costs
C) variable costs
D) marginal costs
E) everyday costs

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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Explain the difference between elastic demand and inelastic demand.

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Elastic demand occurs when a change in p...

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The simplest pricing method is break-even pricing: adding a standard markup to the cost of the product.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a measure of customers' sensitivity to changes in price?


A) liquidity ratio
B) break-even point
C) price elasticity of demand
D) marginal analysis
E) basing-point

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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When demand is ________, increases in price result in increases in total revenues, while decreases in price result in decreases in total revenue.


A) elastic
B) inelastic
C) flexible
D) supply-driven
E) cross-elastic

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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A demand curve never appears on a graph as a straight line.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the concept of price bundling. Why would a retailer implement this pricing strategy? Give one example of this strategy being implemented.

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Price bundling means selling two or more...

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Which of the following statements about price is true?


A) Pricing is the least important marketing mix element.
B) Price is always a monetary value.
C) Price can mean exchange of nonmonetary goods or services.
D) Most consumers believe price has little influence on their purchase decisions.
E) Pricing is unaffected by changes in the business cycle.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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________ refers to the sale of two or more goods or services as a single package for one price.


A) Two-part pricing
B) Captive pricing
C) Price bundling
D) Decoy pricing
E) Trial pricing

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Value pricing is the opposite of cost-based pricing.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the concept of trial pricing. Why would a retailer implement this pricing strategy?

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Trial pricing is used when a n...

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The most common cost-based approach to pricing is ________.


A) demand-based pricing
B) psychological pricing
C) yield management pricing
D) cost-plus pricing
E) high/low pricing

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A firm is using a(n) ________ strategy when it introduces a product at a very low price to gain market share early on.


A) skimming price
B) trial pricing
C) intensive pricing
D) penetration pricing
E) high/low

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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