Question 1

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic
B)  mechanistic
C)  organismic
D)  maturationisticE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Accepted Answer

A)  more flexible than other methods.
B)  more generalized than other methods.
C)  more descriptive of real-life events.
D)  better able to determine cause and effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Dr.Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home.According to the ecological approach,Dr.Willard is studying the children in their

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem.
B)  mesosystem.
C)  exosystem.
D)  macrosystem.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  control.
B)  manipulation.
C)  random assignment.
D)  correlation.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the __________ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the ___________variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent;independent
B)  control;experimental
C)  experimental;control
D)  independent;dependentE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking the immediate gratification of desires,is the

Accepted Answer

A)  id.
B)  ego.
C)  superego.
D)  ego ideal.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Learning theorists are most concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  measurable,observable behaviors.
B)  unconscious determination of behaviors.
C)  development of intelligence.
D)  personality conflicts between parents and children.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

Accepted Answer

A)  logically related statements seeking to describe,explain,and predict development.
B)  facts derived from research.
C)  research results that can prove behaviors.
D)  opinions of a well-known authority in a field.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

According to social learning theory,the most important element in how children learn a language,deal with aggression,develop a sense of morality,and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  observation and imitation.
C)  punishment of inappropriate behavior.
D)  shaping of appropriate behavior.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the laboratory experimental approach to understanding human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is often difficult to randomly assign subjects to different treatment conditions.
B)  Experiments rarely inform us about cause-and-effect relationships.
C)  This technique does not work well for the study of aggression.
D)  The results may not be applicable outside the experimental situation.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one affects another is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation.
B)  experiment.
C)  observation
D)  correlation.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Piaget's term for the process of TAKING IN formation and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is

Accepted Answer

A)  schematization.
B)  shaping.
C)  accommodation.
D)  assimilation.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her,and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  id.
B)  ego.
C)  superego.
D)  defense mechanism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

It is important for parents and teachers to understand how children think so they can more effectively _________ them.

Accepted Answer

A)  discipline
B)  teach
C)  organize
D)  manageE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

Accepted Answer

A)  organismic
B)  quantitative
C)  mechanistic
D)  behavioristicE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called "conscience"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Id
B)  Ego
C)  Superego
D)  LibidoE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning
B)  Operant conditioning
C)  Pleasure principle
D)  Reality principleE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

Accepted Answer

A)  intimacy versus isolation.
B)  integrity versus despair.
C)  industry versus inferiority.
D)  identity versus identity confusion.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Stacy's mother believes that most of Stacy's acting out lately has been caused by unconscious forces within her that motivate her behavior.Stacy's mother follows the ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic.
B)  ethological.
C)  psychoanalytic.
D)  learning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A major distinction between Piaget's developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget sees development as continuous,whereas the information-processing approach views development as occurring in distinct stages.
B)  Piaget sees development as an active process,whereas the information-processing view sees the organism as passive.
C)  Piaget focused on perception,whereas the information-processing approach focuses on thinking and memory.
D)  Piaget sees development as occurring in stages,whereas the information-processing approach sees development as continuous.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 2: Theory and Research

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home.According to the ecological approach,Dr.Willard is studying the children in their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stacy's mother believes that most of Stacy's acting out lately has been caused by unconscious forces within her that motivate her behavior.Stacy's mother follows the ______ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her,and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major distinction between Piaget's developmental theory and the information-processing approach is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one affects another is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to social learning theory,the most important element in how children learn a language,deal with aggression,develop a sense of morality,and learn gender-appropriate behavior is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,a teenage girl would be facing the crisis of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,the part of the personality that operates on the "pleasure principle," seeking the immediate gratification of desires,is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the __________ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the ___________variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a shortcoming of the laboratory experimental approach to understanding human development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning theorists are most concerned with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following personality entities would be most similar to what is called "conscience"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is important for parents and teachers to understand how children think so they can more effectively _________ them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget's term for the process of TAKING IN formation and incorporating it into existing ways of thinking is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In an experiment,Professor Daley manipulates the variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the _variable.

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