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In digital radiography the number of different shades of gray that can be stored in memory and displayed on a computer monitor is termed


A) contrast matrix.
B) grayscale.
C) shadows.
D) pixels.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system,a range of ___________ kVp is generally used for adult patients.


A) 30 to 60
B) 60 to 75
C) 75 to 110
D) 110 to 140

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The control panel,where technical exposure factors are selected and visually displayed for the equipment operator,must be located


A) at the foot end of the radiographic examining table.
B) at the head end of the radiographic examining table.
C) behind a suitable protective barrier that has a radiation-absorbent window that permits observation of the patient during any procedure.
D) behind any regular wall that has a regular glass window that permits observation of the patient during any procedure.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Luminance is determined by measuring the concentration of light


A) at only one particular point on the field of view.
B) over a particular field of view.
C) at only one particular point on the field of view and then squaring the number.
D) over a particular field of view and then squaring the number.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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When generator settings are changed from one mA and time combination to another,the most that linearity can vary is


A) 0%.
B) 10%.
C) 20%.
D) 50%.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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To visualize smaller and lower contrast objects during interventional procedures,high level control fluoroscopy uses exposure rates that are ____________ those normally used in routine fluoroscopy.


A) higher than
B) lower than
C) the same as
D) None of the above,because smaller and lower contrast objects cannot be visualized by fluoroscopy during interventional procedures.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Of the following procedures,which involve extended fluoroscopic time? 1) Biliary drainage 2) Stent and filter placement 3) Urinary or biliary stone removal


A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1,2,and 3

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Total filtration of _______________________ for fixed x-ray units operating above 70 kVp is the regulatory standard.


A) 1.0-mm aluminum equivalent
B) 1.5-mm aluminum equivalent
C) 2.0-mm aluminum equivalent
D) 2.5-mm aluminum equivalent

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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When performing a mobile radiographic procedure,to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient,the radiographer must use a minimal source-skin distance of


A) 15 cm.
B) 30 cm.
C) 38 cm.
D) 45 cm.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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When using digital fluoroscopy systems,making use of the last image hold feature can


A) be an effective dose reduction technique.
B) eliminate the need to collimate the primary beam.
C) eliminate the need for body or part immobilization.
D) lead to a 50% reduction of technical exposure factors.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When an exposed computed radiography imaging plate is ready to be processed,an imaging reading unit is used to scan the photostimulable phosphor imaging plate with a helium-neon laser beam.This process results in the emission of violet light that is changed into an electronic signal by a device called a


A) charge-coupled device array.
B) photodiode.
C) photomultiplier tube.
D) scintillator.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In standard image intensification fluoroscopy,an x-ray beam half-value-layer (HVL) of 3 to 4.5 mm aluminum is considered acceptable when kVp ranges from


A) 50 to 60.
B) 60 to 70.
C) 70 to 80.
D) 80 to 100.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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D

The protective tube housing serves as a shield against _____________________ entering the x-ray tube,thereby preventing electric shock while also facilitating cooling of the x-ray tube.


A) the high voltage
B) the low voltage
C) lose inherent filter particles
D) collimator components

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A

What is the purpose of radiographic beam filtration?


A) To reduce exposure to the patient's skin and superficial tissues by absorbing most of the higher-energy photons from the heterogeneous beam.
B) To reduce exposure to the patient's skin and superficial tissues by absorbing most of the lower-energy photons from the heterogeneous beam.
C) To reduce exposure to the patient's skin and superficial tissues by absorbing all of the higher-energy photons from the homogeneous beam.
D) To reduce exposure to the patient's skin and superficial tissues by removing all the lower-energy photons from the homogeneous beam.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Digital radiography images can be accessed


A) at only one workstation at a time,thereby decreasing convenience for physicians providing patient care.
B) at no more than two workstations at a time,thereby decreasing convenience for physicians providing patient care.
C) at several workstations at the same time,thus making image viewing very convenient for physicians providing patient care.
D) digital images cannot be accessed at any workstations by physicians.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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C

Digital radiography systems offer several advantages over computed radiography.Some of these include 1) lower dose. 2) ease of use. 3) immediate imaging results. 4) manipulation of the image.


A) 1,2,and 3 only
B) 1,2,and 4 only
C) 2,3,and 4 only
D) 1,2,3,and 4

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following materials is commonly used in the tabletop of a radiographic examination table to make the tabletop as radiolucent as possible so that it will absorb only a minimal amount of radiation,thereby reducing the patient's radiation dose?


A) Carbon fiber material
B) Formica
C) Granite
D) Slate

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?


A) Cone
B) Collimator
C) Filter
D) Extension cylinder

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Computed radiography,because of its higher exposure latitude,makes grid use on the pediatric population


A) absolutely necessary for all radiographic examinations.
B) less necessary than was previously believed.
C) necessary only for extremity examinations.
D) unnecessary for any examination.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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During a fluoroscopic examination,a resettable cumulative timing device measures the x-ray beam-on time and sounds an audible alarm or in some cases temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for what length of time?


A) 1 minute
B) 3 minutes
C) 5 minutes
D) 10 minutes

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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