Question 1

When blood starts to become too acidic,the kidneys respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizing and secreting bicarbonate ions while reabsorbing H+.
B)  synthesizing and reabsorbing H+while filtering bicarbonate ions.
C)  synthesizing and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions while secreting H+.
D)  decreasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of both bicarbonate ions and H+.
E)  increasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of H+.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 2

The hormone ANP

Accepted Answer

A)  increases urine output and increases blood volume.
B)  increases urine output and decreases blood volume.
C)  decreases urine output and decreases blood volume.
D)  decreases urine output and increases blood volume.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

In the condition of volume excess,fluid gain involves

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in osmolarity of body fluid.
B)  a decrease in osmolarity of body fluid.
C)  no change in the osmolarity of body fluid.D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 4

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes __________ of afferent arterioles and _________ of mesangial cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction;contraction
B)  constriction;relaxation
C)  dilation;contraction
D)  dilation;relaxationE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The bicarbonate system is composed of H2CO3and HCO3-.Which statement accurately describes these molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  H2CO3and HCO3-are both weak acids.
B)  H2CO3is a weak acid,and HCO3-is a weak base.
C)  H2CO3is a weak base,and HCO3-is a weak acid.
D)  H2CO3and HCO3-are both strong bases.
E)  H2CO3is a strong base,and HCO3-is a weak acid.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

In the brain ADH _______ the thirst center,and in the kidneys ADH causes an increase in water __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates;secretion
B)  stimulates;reabsorption
C)  inhibits;secretion
D)  inhibits;reabsorptionE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Lactic acid,a product of metabolism,is considered a volatile acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In elderly individuals,75% of body weight is made up of fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Decreased stretch of baroreceptors within the aorta and carotid arteries results in stimulation of the hypothalamus;this stimulation increases ADH secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Insensible water loss is an example of facultative water loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus,profuse sweating,and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  volume excess.
B)  dehydration.
C)  hypotonic plasma.
D)  overhydration.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  volatile acid.
B)  bicarbonate ions.
C)  fixed acid.D) None of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 16

Angiotensin II triggers

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction and increased urine output from the kidneys.
B)  vasoconstriction and decreased urine output from the kidneys.
C)  vasodilation and increased urine output from the kidneys.
D)  vasodilation and decreased urine output from the kidneys.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body,such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere,is known as fluid _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An accumulation of fluid in one area...

Question 18

To compensate for metabolic acidosis,the respiratory system increases breathing rate,which lowers the partial pressure of carbon dioxide below normal levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis.
B)  alkalosis.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 20

Changes in blood osmolarity that turn off the thirst center also increase the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

Angiotensin II triggers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body,such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere,is known as fluid _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ANP

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To compensate for metabolic acidosis,the respiratory system increases breathing rate,which lowers the partial pressure of carbon dioxide below normal levels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insensible water loss is an example of facultative water loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bicarbonate system is composed of H2CO3and HCO3-.Which statement accurately describes these molecules

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lactic acid,a product of metabolism,is considered a volatile acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When blood starts to become too acidic,the kidneys respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diabetes mellitus,profuse sweating,and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in blood osmolarity that turn off the thirst center also increase the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the condition of volume excess,fluid gain involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased stretch of baroreceptors within the aorta and carotid arteries results in stimulation of the hypothalamus;this stimulation increases ADH secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the brain ADH _______ the thirst center,and in the kidneys ADH causes an increase in water __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of aldosterone is triggered by a decrease in blood plasma potassium levels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In elderly individuals,75% of body weight is made up of fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes __________ of afferent arterioles and _________ of mesangial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The bicarbonate system is composed of H₂CO₃and HCO₃^-.Which statement accurately describes these molecules

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In the brain ADH _ the thirst center,and in the kidneys ADH causes an increase in water ____.

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Atrial natriuretic peptide causes __ of afferent arterioles and _ of mesangial cells.

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