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Exam 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context

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Question 41

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_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

A) Means-ends orientation
B) Open-systems focus  
C) Conflict tolerance
D) Risk tolerance

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 42

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The _____ life cycle model is suitable for projects in which changes can be incorporated with reasonable cost increases or acceptable time delays.

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Question 43

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_____ refers to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior.

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.

It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.

The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.

Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.

_____ is an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source.

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.

Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure.

In the _____ phase of the project life cycle, the work is completed, and customers should accept the entire project.

Why is top management commitment crucial for project managers?

Describe the concept of a systems approach.

A(n) _____ is an overall model for thinking about things as sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.

According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.

The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects.

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.