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A quorum is broken if shareholders leave and those remaining are not sufficient to constitute a quorum.

A) True
B) False

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What is not part of the presumptions of the business judgment rule concerning directors?


A) that the decision they reached was profitable to the corporation
B) that they acted on an informed basis
C) that they acted in good faith
D) that they acted in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interest of the corporation

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The duties of officers of a corporation are generally set forth in the articles of incorporation.

A) True
B) False

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A director is disqualified from taking part in corporate action with respect to a matter in which the director has an undisclosed conflicting interest.

A) True
B) False

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Directors are usually allowed to vote by proxy.

A) True
B) False

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State laws that attempt to indemnify corporate directors against personal monetary liability for gross negligence are void as contrary to public policy.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an incorrect statement about directors?


A) Their eligibility requirements may be found in the bylaws.
B) Bylaws may require that directors be shareholders in the corporation.
C) The board of directors has authority to manage the corporation.
D) Courts will interfere with the board's discretion when they disagree with its actions.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The __________ rule allows management immunity from liability for corporate acts where there is a reasonable indication that the acts were made in good faith and with due care.


A) sovereign immunity
B) business judgment
C) reasonable director
D) good faith

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All of the directors of the XYZ Corporation were present at a meeting called on a Monday evening at 9 p.m.Meetings normally were held on Friday evenings at 6 p.m.At the Monday meeting,a report was made indicating that an agent of the corporation was having difficulties formalizing a contract in a foreign country.The report indicated that if funds were made available to a local political figure,the contract the company desired would be obtained.The directors unanimously voted to forward the necessary funds for this operation to the agent.An action was later commenced against the directors,alleging illegal activities.In response,the directors argue that: (1)no illegal activity had occurred;(2)if an illegal activity did occur,it was not at a valid meeting of the corporation and was therefore not an official action of the board;and (3)if they had to legally defend themselves,they would seek reimbursement from the corporation.Discuss the directors' contentions.

Correct Answer

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Meetings of the board of directors are o...

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A president of a corporation does not have the authority to:


A) make a long-term employment contract.
B) mortgage a corporate property.
C) release a claim of the corporation.
D) perform any of the above acts.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Eligibility for membership on a board of directors is determined by all of the following except:


A) statute.
B) certificates of filing.
C) articles of incorporation.
D) bylaws.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The business judgment rule is applied by the courts as a presumption that must be overcome by the person challenging a director's actions.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The courts have traditionally viewed it as their responsibility to sit in judgment on the wisdom of decisions made by corporate directors.

A) True
B) False

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The means by which stockholders may seek to protect themselves against corporate actions to which they object include all of the following except:


A) voting in new directors.
B) bringing legal action.
C) voiding the charter.
D) calling a special stockholders' meeting.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A corporation generally may avoid a transaction because of a director's secret disqualification,such as a conflict of interest.

A) True
B) False

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A corporation may be convicted of a criminal offense if it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense was committed by its agent acting within the scope of the agent's authority.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Under which of the following scenarios would a third person be able to successfully sue a corporate manager if the manger's advice to the corporation causes loss to the third person?


A) The manager's advice has resulted in the corporation's successful underselling of the third person's product.
B) The manager's advice has resulted in the corporation's breach of a contract with the third person under which the corporation was losing a substantial sum of money.
C) The manager's advice has resulted in the corporation's refusal to deal with the third person because the third person has not maintained the standards and quotas set by the corporation.
D) none of the above.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Officers and directors may be criminally liable for failure to prevent the commission of a crime if they are found to be the "responsible corporate officers."

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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If an officer diverts a corporate opportunity,the corporation may recover from the officer:


A) triple damages for breach of a fiduciary duty.
B) the profits of which the corporation has been deprived.
C) past wages for the time period in question.
D) any and all funds used to divert the corporate opportunity.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The stockholders of the Apex Corporation attended a special meeting of the stockholders called to discuss matters of extreme urgency to the corporation.A quorum was not present when the meeting opened,nor was a quorum present when the matters to be treated in the meeting were discussed.Management,however,felt that the importance of the issue was significant enough to warrant continuation of the meeting without a quorum,and the stockholders voted on the issues presented during the meeting.During the last fifteen (15)minutes of the meeting,just prior to the cocktail hour regularly attended by many stockholders,enough stockholders had arrived to constitute a quorum.Were the issues of this meeting dealt with in a valid manner?

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No.It is necessary that a valid stockhol...

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