Question 1

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  M
B)  S
C)  G1 and G2
D)  interphaseE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Which genes are expressed in Drosophila after pattern formation along the A/P axis has been successfully established?

Accepted Answer

A)  totipotent genes
B)  bicoid genes
C)  segment polarity genes
D)  gap genes
E)  homeotic genesF) A) and D)
G) C) and E) E

Question 3

A zygote divides into smaller cells,each called a

Accepted Answer

A)  blastomere.
B)  gastrula.
C)  neurula.
D)  cleavage cell.
E)  embryonic cell.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body,except embryonic stem cells.
B)  Pluripotent stem cells are descendants of the totipotent stem cells of the embryo.
C)  A fertilized egg is a type of totipotent stem cell.
D)  Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type,except for totipotent stem cells and the cells of the placenta.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Adult stem cells are usually

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiated.
B)  totipotent.
C)  pluripotent.
D)  multipotent.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

Accepted Answer

A)  picked a cell very early in development.
B)  replicated the blastomeres before insertion.
C)  delayed transcription in the blastomeres.
D)  treated the nucleus with sheep plasma before nuclear insertion.
E)  utilized a new micro pipette techniquE.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Accepted Answer

A)   131 cells always die.
B)   all 1090 cells die.
C)   all 1090 cells live.
D)   only 959 cells live.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Plants do not utilize the process of cell migration in their development.Instead plants utilize

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of building themselves inwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues.
B)  the process of building themselves outwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues.
C)  the process of building themselves with epidermal tissues,which eventually become ground tissues,which can then begin the process of photosynthesis.
D)  the process of building themselves by using their vascular tissues to form meristems,which eventually cause normal development in the plant.E) None of the above
F) B) and D) B

Question 9

Members of the Bcl-2 family all have Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains,which are essential for protein function.If one were to generate a transgenic worm that expresses a Bcl-2 protein containing a mutation in the BH domain in a ced-9 mutant background,

Accepted Answer

A)  131 cells would die.
B)  all 1090 cells would die.
C)  all 1090 cells would live.
D)  959 cells would live.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

A muscle precursor cell would be considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  pluripotent.
B)  determined.
C)  differentiated.
D)  induceD.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use for movement during their development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadherins
B)  Glycospheres
C)  Receptors
D)  PhospholipidsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Cell transplantation experiments can be used to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  to study the normal fate of cells.
B)  to address the ability of cells to communicate with surrounding tissue.
C)  to determine cell lineage.
D)  to test the functional compatibility of cells between species.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

A complete cell lineage map exists for

Accepted Answer

A)   C. elegans.
B)   Drosophila.
C)   mouse.
D)   human.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

There are cases,particularly in fruit flies,in which a perfectly normal body part grows in an area where it should not grow.Extra pairs of wings and legs growing in the antennae location are some examples.Select the statement that best describes this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  These mutations occur as a result of specialized development called determination in which the gene determining a specific factor will become totipotent.
B)  These mutations occur as a result of differentiation of these tissues at the incorrect time during development,which causes a mix-up in signals and protein production in those tissues.
C)  These mutations occur as a result of homeotic gene mutations.
D)  These mutations occur as a result of gap gene mutations.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

In Drosophila development,which of the following choices is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization.
B)  Zygotic genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization.
C)  Maternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization.
D)  Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesenchyme
B)  muscle
C)  notochord
D)  nerve cordE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A seed germinates as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a predetermined internal clock set in place at fertilization.
B)  responses to changes in its environment.
C)  having tolerated a long winter.
D)  being planted at the correct time.
E)  its genetics.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E) B

Question 18

In Drosophila,the initial cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  stem cells
B)  signals
C)  determinants
D)  junctionsE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following proteins is associated with activating genes that code for the first mRNA transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Accepted Answer

A)  bax protein
B)  cadherin protein
C)  bicoid protein
D)  nanos protein
E)  morphogen proteinF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

In Drosophila,different segmental fates of each neuroblast (cells that give rise to neurons) is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  gap genes.
B)  pair-rule genes.
C)  segment polarity genes.
D)  homeotic genes.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genes are expressed in Drosophila after pattern formation along the A/P axis has been successfully established?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A zygote divides into smaller cells,each called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adult stem cells are usually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants do not utilize the process of cell migration in their development.Instead plants utilize

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Members of the Bcl-2 family all have Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains,which are essential for protein function.If one were to generate a transgenic worm that expresses a Bcl-2 protein containing a mutation in the BH domain in a ced-9 mutant background,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A muscle precursor cell would be considered to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use for movement during their development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cell transplantation experiments can be used to do all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A complete cell lineage map exists for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are cases,particularly in fruit flies,in which a perfectly normal body part grows in an area where it should not grow.Extra pairs of wings and legs growing in the antennae location are some examples.Select the statement that best describes this phenomenon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Drosophila development,which of the following choices is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A seed germinates as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In Drosophila,the initial cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following proteins is associated with activating genes that code for the first mRNA transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Drosophila,different segmental fates of each neuroblast (cells that give rise to neurons) is determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

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B

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B

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