Question 1

Reproduction in at least some sponges is

Accepted Answer

A)   asexual by budding.
B)   asexual by gemmules.
C)   sexual with both male and female sex cells in one individual.
D)   asexual by fragmentation.
E)   All of the choices are correctSponges reproduce sexually and asexually. Specific reproductive mechanisms are group specific and may involve one or more of the methods described in this question.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

The minute,needle-like structures that act as a skeletal support system in sponges are called _________________.
Sponge skeletons are comprised of calcareous or siliceous spicules or spongin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The minute,needle-like structures that act as a...

Question 3

A sponge feeds by

Accepted Answer

A)   using a net and a current that sweeps food particles through it.
B)   squeezing the spongocoel cavity to suck debris in and out through the osculum.
C)   beating the flagella of collar cells to form a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.
D)   beating the flagella of collar cells to form a current from osculum to pores; food is engulfed by amoebocytes in the central cavity of the sponge.Beating of flagella of collar cells creates water currents that circulate water through the body of a sponge. Water currents bring microscopic food particles into the canal system of a sponge. Food particles are filtered by collar cells.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The demosponges

Accepted Answer

A)   constitute only a small number of species.
B)   are mostly marine but include the freshwater sponges.
C)   have the asconoid-type canal system.
D)   are referred to as calcium or chalk sponges.
E)   form the most beautiful glass spicule patterns.Members of the class Demospongia are the most common sponges. Most are large, leuconoid sponges.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Which statement about adult sponges is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their bodies are aggregations of one cell type.
B)   They do not have a mouth.
C)   Their bodies are usually asymmetrical.
D)   Their apparently simple structure is deceptive.Sponge bodies are aggregates of many cell types. Even though they lack mouths and other features of more complex animals, their apparent simplicity is deceptive.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Out of all metazoans,members of __________________ have the smallest nuclear genome but the largest mitochondrial genome.
The small nuclear genome and large mitochodrial genome of placozoans are characteristics shared with some animal outgroups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Out of all metazoans,members of __________________ have...

Question 7

Which is NOT a trait of sponges?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are sessile filter feeders
B)   Their body wall has two incipient "cell layers"
C)   Their flagellated collar cells move water
D)   Water enters through the osculum
E)   Amoeboid cells digest food and make skeletal fibers and gametesWater exits a sponge through the osculum.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 8

The unique feature of sponge development in members of the class Calcarea is the amphiblastula which

Accepted Answer

A)   produces new buds.
B)   generates gemmules.
C)   determines the types of spicules produced.
D)   turns inside out during its development.
E)   controls the process of regeneration.The ampiblastula is a developmental stage in members of the class Calcarea. It is also present in a few members of the class Demospongia.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Sponge beds have been heavily "fished" for bath sponges and in other cases pollution or an imbalance in organisms has devastated other sponge beds.What is the likely overall consequence of this in the ocean environment?

Accepted Answer

The likely overall consequence of heavil...

Question 10

Concerning producing larger organisms without cellular differentiation,

Accepted Answer

A)   nature has never evolved larger organisms because it would never work.
B)   nature has evolved larger unicellular organisms but they are rare and have surface-to-volume limitations.
C)   this has never occurred since the ancestral cell was small.
D)   the more derived the organism, the more differentiated and the smaller the cell size.
E)   the more primitive the organism, the smaller the cell size.Larger size and complexity is accomplished through multicellularity. A workable surface-to-mass ratio in an increasingly large single cell cannot be maintained.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Cells that move about in the mesohyl,digest particles,and may specialize for other functions are the

Accepted Answer

A)   archaeocytes.
B)   pinacocytes.
C)   choanocytes.
D)   spongocytes.
E)   lophocytes.Sponge cells are specialized for specific functions. Archaeocytes are found in the mesohyl and phagocytize particles at the pinacoderm. They also receive food particles from choanocytes and may be specialized for other functions.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

About 95% of the sponges belong to the class __________.
Members of the class Demospongiae are the most common sponges.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About 95% of the sponges belong to...

Question 13

Flagellated canals of syconoid sponges form by evagination of the body wall and these sponges often develop through a simple vase-like stage.Which of the following is a logical hypothesis based on this evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Asconoid sponges were derived from syconoid ancestors.
B)   Leuconoid sponges were derived from syconoid ancestors.
C)   Syconoid sponges were derived from leuconoid ancestors.
D)   Syconoid sponges were derived from asconoid ancestors.
E)   Leuconoid sponges were derived from asconoid ancestors.Syconoid sponges may have evolved through an asconoid body plan. All syconoid sponges, however, do not share a common ancestor. This transition to the syconoid stage may have occurred more than once.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 14

Which one of the following statements regarding the origin of metazoans has the most support?

Accepted Answer

A)   The choanoflagellates share features with the sponges, like having collars of microvilli surrounding a flagellum and being colonial. These shared features suggest a link to at least one metazoan lineage.
B)   Metazoans are derived from many separate lineages of unicellular organisms.
C)   Ancient metazoans, similar to members of the phylum Placozoa, have been ruled out as ancestral metazoans.
D)   Modern sponges have a genetic makeup that reflects their ancestral status.The origin of the metazoa is problematic. Morphological and functional similarities of sponges to choanocytes suggest a possible origin of that metazon lineage, however, the sponge genome is quite complex with more modern features. Placozoans have genetic features that suggest they may reflect the primitive state.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The largest impact that the loss of sponges would have on the environment would be

Accepted Answer

A)   collapse of most food chains.
B)   extinctions of other species that are symbionts of sponges.
C)   alteration of ocean currents.
D)   alteration of gases in water and the atmosphere.
E)   loss of filtration.Large sponges can filter up to 1,500 liters of water each day. Loss of this filtering would adversely affect water quality in marine habitats.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The simplest of canal systems is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)   asconoids.
B)   leuconoids.
C)   syconoids.The asconoid sponge body form is the simplest of the sponge body forms. Larger, more complex sponge body forms are syconoid and leuconoid.D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 17

The water outlet in sponges is known as a/an __________________.
The osculum is the outlet for water in sponges.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The water outlet in sponges is known...

Question 18

Calcareous or siliceous elements of the sponge body wall provide support. These elements are called

Accepted Answer

A)   amoebocytes.
B)   pinacocytes.
C)   choanocytes.
D)   spicules.
E)   spongin.Spicules are supportive, calcareous structures in the body wall of many sponges.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The order in which a drop of ink would pass by the structures in an ascon sponge is

Accepted Answer

A)   spongocoel-ostia-osculum.
B)   osculum-spongocoel-ostia.
C)   osculum-ostia-spongocoel.
D)   ostia-spongocoel-osculum.
E)   ostia-osculum-spongocoel.The pathway for water moving through the simplest sponge body form is ostia-spongocoel-osculum. In sycon sponges incurrent and radial canals are present. In leucon sponges the spongocoel is often absent.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Larvae are ciliated and swim to new locations
B)   Sponges are classified by spicule type and material
C)   Sponges comprise a sister group to all other animals
D)   Sponges share few characteristics with other animals
E)   Sponge cells can transform from one cell type to another, a trait not seen in other kinds of animalsSponges share many characteristics with other animals including the following: common adhesion proteins, a common blastula embryonic stage, and common cell signaling proteins.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 12: Sponges and Placozoans

Which is NOT a trait of sponges?

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Which statement about adult sponges is false?

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The demosponges

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Concerning producing larger organisms without cellular differentiation,

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Flagellated canals of syconoid sponges form by evagination of the body wall and these sponges often develop through a simple vase-like stage.Which of the following is a logical hypothesis based on this evidence?

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Reproduction in at least some sponges is

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Which one of the following statements regarding the origin of metazoans has the most support?

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Out of all metazoans,members of __________________ have the smallest nuclear genome but the largest mitochondrial genome. The small nuclear genome and large mitochodrial genome of placozoans are characteristics shared with some animal outgroups.

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The minute,needle-like structures that act as a skeletal support system in sponges are called _________________. Sponge skeletons are comprised of calcareous or siliceous spicules or spongin.

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Sponge beds have been heavily "fished" for bath sponges and in other cases pollution or an imbalance in organisms has devastated other sponge beds.What is the likely overall consequence of this in the ocean environment?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe likely overall consequence of heavil...View AnswerShow Answer

The simplest of canal systems is found in the

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Cells that move about in the mesohyl,digest particles,and may specialize for other functions are the

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About 95% of the sponges belong to the class __________. Members of the class Demospongiae are the most common sponges.

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The water outlet in sponges is known as a/an __________________. The osculum is the outlet for water in sponges.

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The largest impact that the loss of sponges would have on the environment would be

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Calcareous or siliceous elements of the sponge body wall provide support. These elements are called

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The unique feature of sponge development in members of the class Calcarea is the amphiblastula which

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The order in which a drop of ink would pass by the structures in an ascon sponge is

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A sponge feeds by

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Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?

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Answered by ExamLex AI
The likely overall consequence of heavil...
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