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A collection of related tasks structured to accomplish a business purpose,which can be either human-oriented or computer-oriented,is known as a(n)________________.

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One of the advantages of concurrency transparency is that relative to the results produced,a transaction takes place as if the transaction was executing alone.

A) True
B) False

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Typically,the following is not true under most operating systems control:


A) Data is placed in a buffer before being written to a disk
B) A buffer is written to a disk only when it is full
C) Data is directly written to disk when the "write" operation is requested by an application program
D) A buffer may contain many records

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Typically,the most serious concurrency problem to avoid in transaction design is:


A) Incorrect summary
B) Uncommitted dependencies
C) Lost update
D) Deferred update

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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At checkpoint time:


A) Log buffers are force written
B) Undo operations take place
C) Redo operations take place
D) Disk backup takes place

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A ________is common data that multiple users try to change.Without adequate concurrency control,users may interfere with each other on ______s.

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Consider a transaction that updates each of the 100 employees' salaries in a table (there is one row per employee) under the deferred update mode and completes after a checkpoint.The system crashes after the checkpoint.What should the recovery procedure perform to make sure the transaction completes as desired?


A) Redo from first log record
B) Redo from first log record followed by execution of the transaction again
C) Undo
D) Undo followed by execution of the transaction again

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following problems is not caused by insufficient concurrency control?


A) Lost update
B) Hot spot
C) Non repeatable read
D) Uncommitted dependency

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Consider a transaction that updates each of the 100 employees' salaries in a table (there is one row per employee) under the immediate update mode and completes after a checkpoint but before a system failure.The system crashes after the checkpoint.What should the recovery procedure perform to make sure the transaction completes as desired?


A) Nothing
B) Redo forward from checkpoint
C) Undo
D) Undo followed by execution of the transaction again

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Consider a transaction that updates each of the 100 employees' salaries in a table (there is one row per employee) under the immediate update mode and completes before a checkpoint.The system crashes after the checkpoint.What should the recovery procedure perform to make sure the transaction completes as desired?


A) Nothing
B) Redo followed by execution of the transaction again
C) Undo
D) Undo followed by execution of the transaction again

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The transaction property of being ________ means that transactions do not interfere with each other except in allowable ways.A transaction should never overwrite changes made by another transaction.In addition,a transaction may be restricted from interfering in other ways such as not viewing the temporary changes made by other transactions.

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SQL:2003 provides for a SAVEPOINT statement which establishes an intermediate point in a transaction that can be used to perform a partial rollback of the transaction.

A) True
B) False

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To restore a database using the immediate update approach,both undo and redo operations may be necessary,whereas with the deferred update approach only redo operations are used.

A) True
B) False

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A type of lock usually used on a large database item,such as a table,to alleviate blocking when locking coarse items is called a(n)_________________.

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Which one of the following is the least likely to be viewed as a transaction?


A) Retrieving a customer's latest purchase
B) Transferring $1000 from a customer's savings account to the customer's checking account
C) Reserving a seat on a plane
D) Reserving a hotel room

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Locking Granularity: the size of the database item locked.Locking granularity is a trade-off between waiting time (amount of concurrency permitted)and overhead (number of locks held).

A) True
B) False

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A hot spot is common data that multiple users try to change simultaneously.

A) True
B) False

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With the _____________________ approach,database updates are written to disk when they occur,but only after the corresponding log updates have been written.

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A measure of the amount of work performed by a DBMS is the number of transactions processed per time unit.This measure is known as _____________________.

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transactio...

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Dividing an application program into several transactions usually:


A) Improves constraint checking
B) Reduces the possibility of deadlocks
C) Increases potential waiting by other transactions
D) All of the above

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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