Question 1

What affect does hyperventilation have on HCO3- recovery in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  less H+ excretion, greater HCO3- loss
B)  no affect as these involve two independent systems
C)  vicious cycle of worsening alkalemia as hyperventilation stimulates increased HCO3-retention
D)  escalating retention of other buffer bases along with HCO3-E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

What is the limiting factor for H+ excretion in the renal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive amounts of Cl-
B)  excessive amounts of HCO3-
C)  insufficient buffers
D)  insufficient sodiumE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH despite massive CO2 production?
I.isohydric buffering
II.gastrointestinal secretion
III.pulmonary ventilation

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III
B)  I and II
C)  I, II, and III
D)  I and IIIE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

A patient with Kussmaul's respirations most likely has:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis
B)  metabolic alkalosis
C)  respiratory acidosis
D)  respiratory alkalosisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrochloric
B)  carbonic
C)  phosphoric
D)  lacticE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  diuretics
B)  hyperkalemia
C)  hypochloremia
D)  vomitingE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete more H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-
B)  excrete less H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-
C)  excrete less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-
D)  excrete more H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety
B)  central nervous system depression
C)  hypoxemia
D)  painE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Compensation for metabolic acidosis occurs through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in blood CO2 levels
B)  decrease in blood CO2 levels
C)  decrease in blood HCO3- levels
D)  increase in blood HCO3- levelsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the blood will be normal as long as the ratio of HCO3- to dissolved CO2 is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  10:1
B)  20:1
C)  24:1
D)  30:1E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Correction of acute respiratory acidosis is accomplished by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing HCO3-reabsorption
B)  increasing alveolar ventilation
C)  decreasing HCO3-reabsorption
D)  decreasing alveolar ventilationE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoregulation
B)  compensation
C)  correction
D)  homeostasisE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

What would be an example of an iatrogenic cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric suction
B)  hypochloremia
C)  hypokalemia
D)  vomitingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.01, PCO2 = 71 mm Hg, HCO3- = 16.3 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  acute metabolic acidosis
B)  acute respiratory acidosis
C)  combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis
D)  partially compensated respiratory acidosisE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.43, PCO2 = 39 mm Hg, HCO3- = 25.1 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-base status within normal limits
B)  fully compensated metabolic acidosis
C)  fully compensated respiratory alkalosis
D)  partially compensated metabolic acidosisE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  It drives the recovery of HCO3- and excretion of H+.
B)  It is the catalyst for the hamburger phenomenon.
C)  It promotes the excretion of CO2 in the urine.
D)  It promotes the loss of fluids in congestive heart failure.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Correction of metabolic alkalosis may involve which of the following?
I.restoring normal fluid volume
II.administering acidifying agents
III.restoring normal K+ and Cl- levels

Accepted Answer

A)  III only
B)  I and II
C)  II and III
D)  I, II, and IIIE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

In acute respiratory acidosis, what would you expect the BE range to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  -4 to -6 mEq/L
B)  +2 to -2 mEq/L
C)  +4 to +6 mEq/L
D)  +22 to +26 mEq/LE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

By comparison, how much fixed acid is produced in any given period compared to the volatile acid CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  about the same amount
B)  less fixed than volatile
C)  more fixed than volatileD) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 20

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit.pH = 7.35, PCO2 = 77 mm Hg, HCO3- = 41 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  This gas is completely accurate.
B)  This gas is accurate as the calculated pH is 7.32.
C)  This gas is accurate as the calculated pH is 7.38.
D)  This gas is inaccurate according to the H-H equation.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 13: Acid-Base Balance

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By comparison, how much fixed acid is produced in any given period compared to the volatile acid CO2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH despite massive CO2 production? I.isohydric buffering II.gastrointestinal secretion III.pulmonary ventilation

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.43, PCO2 = 39 mm Hg, HCO3- = 25.1 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What affect does hyperventilation have on HCO3- recovery in the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In acute respiratory acidosis, what would you expect the BE range to be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correction of acute respiratory acidosis is accomplished by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correction of metabolic alkalosis may involve which of the following? I.restoring normal fluid volume II.administering acidifying agents III.restoring normal K+ and Cl- levels

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient with Kussmaul's respirations most likely has:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would be an example of an iatrogenic cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compensation for metabolic acidosis occurs through which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the blood will be normal as long as the ratio of HCO3- to dissolved CO2 is which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.01, PCO2 = 71 mm Hg, HCO3- = 16.3 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the limiting factor for H+ excretion in the renal tubules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit.pH = 7.35, PCO2 = 77 mm Hg, HCO3- = 41 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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By comparison, how much fixed acid is produced in any given period compared to the volatile acid CO₂?

Correct Answer
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What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH despite massive CO₂ production? I.isohydric buffering II.gastrointestinal secretion III.pulmonary ventilation

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.43, PCO₂ = 39 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 25.1 mEq/L

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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What affect does hyperventilation have on HCO₃^- recovery in the kidneys?

Correct Answer
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Correction of metabolic alkalosis may involve which of the following? I.restoring normal fluid volume II.administering acidifying agents III.restoring normal K⁺ and Cl^- levels

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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If the blood PCO₂ is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the blood will be normal as long as the ratio of HCO₃^- to dissolved CO₂ is which of the following?

Correct Answer
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Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.01, PCO₂ = 71 mm Hg, HCO3^- = 16.3 mEq/L

Correct Answer
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What is the limiting factor for H⁺ excretion in the renal tubules?

Correct Answer
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Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit.pH = 7.35, PCO₂ = 77 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 41 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified