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Exam 7: Social Structure Theories

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Question 31

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_______ was directly based on the work of Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory.

A) Mobilization for Youth
B) The Chicago Area Project
C) The Welfare Reform Reconciliation Act
D) Welfare-to-Work

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 32

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Which of the following is not one of the major principles of sociological theories of crime causation?

A) Social groups, institutions, and rules, as well as the arrangements of society, all provide the proper focus for criminological study
B) The structure of society and its relative degree of organization or disorganization are important factors contributing to the prevalence of criminal behavior
C) Group dynamics, group organization, and subgroup relationships form the causal nexus out of which crime develops
D) It is possible to predict the specific behavior of an individual member of a given group

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 33

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A wealthy and socially privileged individual may still experience relative deprivation.

________ is the process in which a person openly rejects that which he or she wants or aspires to but cannot obtain or achieve.

The concentric zone research conducted by Park and Burgess identified Zone __________ as being in transition.

According to the concept of __________, traditions of delinquency are transmitted through successive generations in the same zone.

Messner and Rosenfeld's relative deprivation theory blames the __________ for most criminal activity.

Which type of theory has been criticized for being racist?

Participants in a violent subculture use techniques of neutralization to deal with feelings of guilt about their aggression.

Match the Zone to its description

Matza described drift as hard determinism.

Which of the following is a critique of ecological theories?

There are a large number of female-dominated gangs today.

Explain the three major sociological approaches to crime causation and the major principles or assumptions of sociological theories.

Match the following explanations for crime to the proper category of sociological theories

According to Merton, an innovator

Sociological theories attempt to predict the specific behavior of a given individual.

Subcultural theories have been criticized for being racist.

The Chicago Area Project focused on reducing social ______________ in slum neighborhoods.

The statement "I can take care of myself" best represents the focal concern of autonomy.