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If the density of the water increases with depth, the water column is


A) stagnant.
B) unstable.
C) stable.
D) neutral.
E) well mixed.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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A zone of surface divergence is an area of _______ and ________ biological productivity.


A) upwelling; high
B) upwelling; low
C) downwelling; high
D) downwelling; low
E) no vertical motion; average

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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The speed of the Florida current is high because


A) the winds are strong at this latitude.
B) the water has a high salinity.
C) the channel through which it flows is narrow.
D) the Coriolis effect is large.
E) None of these are correct; it is a slow current.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which current moves cold water to warm latitudes?


A) Gulf Stream
B) Kuroshio
C) Peru
D) Agulhas
E) Brazil

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Sigma-t is the oceanographer's short-hand for the density of seawater. It is defined as (density - 1.0) × 103. If the density of seawater is 1.02925g/cm3, the sigma-t value is


A) 25.29.
B) 2.9925.
C) 0.2925.
D) 29.25.
E) 0.02529.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The Gulf Stream forms eddies, or rings, with cold water cores at the _______ edge of the Gulf Stream current.


A) northern
B) southern
C) eastern
D) western
E) Either eastern or western is correct.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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If very warm and salty sea water is added on top of average seawater,


A) the warm salty water will float at the surface.
B) the warm salty water will sink to the bottom and stagnate.
C) the warm salty water will sink and move rapidly out of the area.
D) an overturn will begin.
E) The answer cannot be determined unless the densities of the warm salty water and average sea water are known.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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In the midlatitudes, in both hemispheres, warm currents flow past the ___________ coasts of continents.


A) east
B) west
C) north
D) south
E) It depends on the continent.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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The pycnocline is an area where temperature changes rapidly with depth.

A) True
B) False

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Surface eddies can be tracked by satellites.

A) True
B) False

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Ocean currents are deflected to a greater degree by the Coriolis Effect than by wind systems.

A) True
B) False

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