Question 1

A self-sustaining geodynamo in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is not an effect of convection of Earth's outer core?

Accepted Answer

A)   Earth's plates move with tectonic action.
B)   Humans are able to navigate using compasses.
C)   Animals follow continuous migration patterns.
D)   Hazardous cosmic radiation is deflected from Earth.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

"How does outer-core convection generate the magnetic field?"

Accepted Answer

"The shape of Earth's magnetic field res...

Question 4

During periods of magnetic reversals your compass needle would point south rather than north.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How long did the supercomputer require to run Glatzmaier and Roberts' original simulation of 45,000 years?

Accepted Answer

A)   a day
B)   a week
C)   a month
D)   a yearE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Mantle convection occurs because upward-moving rock expands more by decompression than it contracts by cooling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Ice cubes rise to the top of a glass of water because ice is less dense than water.

Accepted Answer

A)   The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
B)   The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
C)   The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
D)   The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
E)   Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 8

How do geologists know that the magnetic field of Earth has changed constantly over time?

Accepted Answer

A)   by the direction of historical lava flows, which they have been able to date with radioactive dating methods
B)   by crystals that have formed in metamorphic rocks
C)   by records kept in magnetic rock-forming minerals
D)   by analyzing and extrapolating records kept by scientists since the 1600sE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

How could the mantle be too thin to prevent convection?

Accepted Answer

insufficie...

Question 10

"Why create a computer simulation of Natural Processes?"

Accepted Answer

"When necessary, computer models replace...

Question 11

What did Glatzmaier and Roberts' model suggest as a reason for magnetic reversal?

Accepted Answer

A)   interactions between magnetic fields in the inner and outer cores
B)   alterations to forces on Earth by other planets
C)   alterations to forces on Earth by changes in the Sun
D)   metamorphism of rocks in the crustE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Which type of heat transfer occurs without any movement of matter?

Accepted Answer

A)   transduction and radiation
B)   conduction and radiation
C)   transference and conduction
D)   convection and radiationE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

How many years were required for a magnetic reversal to occur according to Glatzmaier and Roberts' computer simulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   500
B)   1,000
C)   20,000
D)   200,000E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Liquid metal at the base of the outer core moves upward due to ________ convection.

Accepted Answer

A)   thermal
B)   chemical
C)   brittle
D)   elasticE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

What key features have emerged through the examination of the map of Earth's magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

"1. The pattern of Earth's magnetic fiel...

Question 16

In most cases, the distance between the seismically slow upwelling zone and the closest downwelling zone is

Accepted Answer

A)   much greater than the thickness of the convecting mass.
B)   much less than the thickness of the convecting mass.
C)   about the same as the thickness of the convecting mass.
D)   about the same as the thickness of the mantle.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Without convection, there would be no volcanoes on Earth because

Accepted Answer

A)   all the convecting material spurts out at the surface.
B)   rising mantle material undergoes decompression melting.
C)   molten outer-core melts the lower continental crust.
D)   volcanoes sink down into Earth near down-going convention cells.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

What hypothesis has been presented for the close parallel relationship of the magnetic field and the rotation axis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer core.
B)   Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the outer mantle.
C)   Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner mantle.
D)   Rotation causes spiraling convection currents in the inner core.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Have you ever made a convection cell? What about when you boil water for pasta?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Have you ever made a convection cell?...

Question 20

What is a dynamo?

Accepted Answer

A)   a rotating body containing fluid whose movement maintains the rotation
B)   a rotating magnet whose magnetism maintains the rotation
C)   a rotating device that changes motion energy to electrical energy
D)   a rotating body that contains fluid and magnetismE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 10: Motion Inside Earth

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below. Ice cubes rise to the top of a glass of water because ice is less dense than water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A self-sustaining geodynamo in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many years were required for a magnetic reversal to occur according to Glatzmaier and Roberts' computer simulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"How does outer-core convection generate the magnetic field?"

Correct Answerverified"The shape of Earth's magnetic field res...View AnswerShow Answer

Have you ever made a convection cell? What about when you boil water for pasta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What key features have emerged through the examination of the map of Earth's magnetic field?

Correct Answerverified"1. The pattern of Earth's magnetic fiel...View AnswerShow Answer

How could the mantle be too thin to prevent convection?

Correct Answerverifiedinsufficie...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is not an effect of convection of Earth's outer core?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How long did the supercomputer require to run Glatzmaier and Roberts' original simulation of 45,000 years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do geologists know that the magnetic field of Earth has changed constantly over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In most cases, the distance between the seismically slow upwelling zone and the closest downwelling zone is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Liquid metal at the base of the outer core moves upward due to ________ convection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Glatzmaier and Roberts' model suggest as a reason for magnetic reversal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hypothesis has been presented for the close parallel relationship of the magnetic field and the rotation axis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Without convection, there would be no volcanoes on Earth because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a dynamo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mantle convection occurs because upward-moving rock expands more by decompression than it contracts by cooling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During periods of magnetic reversals your compass needle would point south rather than north.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Why create a computer simulation of Natural Processes?"

Correct Answerverified"When necessary, computer models replace...View AnswerShow Answer

Which type of heat transfer occurs without any movement of matter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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"The shape of Earth's magnetic field res...
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"1. The pattern of Earth's magnetic fiel...
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insufficie...
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"When necessary, computer models replace...
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