A) It increases the temperature so that the enzymes will function at maximum efficiency.
B) It ensures that the citric acid cycle is fully active and providing substrates for nitrogen fixation.
C) It ensures that ATP is not present to inhibit nitrogen fixation.
D) It maintains a low level of reduced cofactors.
E) It ensures that oxygen concentrations are kept low to prevent interference with enzymes.
G) A) and E)
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Proteins are essential macronutrients th...View Answer
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Concerted (cumulative) feedback regulati...View Answer
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A) deamination
B) methylation
C) phosphate hydrolysis
D) phosphate addition
E) reduction
G) C) and D)
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In bacteria, the biosynthesis of amino a...View Answer
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Three biosynthetic products whose synthe...View Answer
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A) reduction, hydrolysis, transamination
B) oxidation, transamination, hydrolysis
C) reduction, transamination, hydrolysis
D) oxidation, hydrolysis, transamination
E) hydrolysis, transamination, reduction
G) A) and E)
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B
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A) adenosine
B) aspartate
C) glutamine
D) inosine
E) S-adenosyl methionine
G) D) and E)
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The carbon skeletons of amino acids can ...View Answer
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A) arginase
B) glutamate dehydrogenase
C) glutamate synthase
D) glutamine synthetase
E) dinitrogenase
G) A) and D)
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A) the phosphorylation of the side chain
B) the reaction that generates an aldehyde product
C) the cyclization step
D) the reaction that releases inorganic phosphate as a product
E) the reaction that converts a double bond to a single bond
G) A) and B)
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A) are amino acids other than those required for protein synthesis.
B) are not utilized in mammalian proteins.
C) are synthesized by plants and bacteria, but not by humans.
D) can be synthesized in humans as well as in bacteria.
E) may be substituted with other amino acids in proteins.
G) C) and D)
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D
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A) These enzymes proceed via a covalent intermediate.
B) Ammonia is released into a channel.
C) Glutamate is a product of the reaction.
D) ATP is needed to activate the glutamine.
E) A Cys at the active site is critical for the activity of these enzymes.
G) None of the above
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A) condensation of the completed purine ring with ribose phosphate
B) incorporation of CO2.
C) inhibition by azaserine (a glutamine analog) .
D) participation of aspartate.
E) participation of PRPP (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate) .
G) A) and B)
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A) Glutathione is part of the path of electron transfer.
B) It acts on nucleoside diphosphates.
C) Its mechanism involves formation of a free radical.
D) There is a separate enzyme for each nucleotide (ADP, CDP, GDP, UDP) .
E) Thioredoxin acts as an essential electron carrier.
G) C) and D)
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D
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The structure of 5'-GMP is a ribonucleot...View Answer
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A) Part of the mechanism includes the formation of a thioester to a cysteine.
B) A hydrolysis reaction releases glutamine from the active site.
C) Ammonia is released from one substrate before reacting with the second substrate.
D) Phosphorylation is often used to activate the substrate accepting the amino group.
E) Two portions of the enzymes are connected by an "ammonia channel."
G) B) and D)
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A) Pyruvate is the starting compound for synthesis of all these amino acids.
B) Pyridoxal phosphate is a required cofactor in the synthesis of all these amino acids.
C) These are all essential amino acids in humans.
D) An -keto acid is the immediate precursor for all three synthetic pathways.
E) Acetyl-CoA is required as a substrate in all three synthetic pathways.
G) None of the above
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